| language | a unified system of symbols that permits the sharing of meaning
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| symbol | that which represents or stands for something else
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| triangle of meaning | a model that explains the relationship which exists between words, things, & thoughts
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| denotative meaning | dictionary meaning; the objective or descriptive meaning of a word
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| connotative meaning | subjective meaning; one's personal meaning for a word
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| dominant culture | the culture in power; the mainstream culture
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| co-cultures | a sub-culture; a group of people who have a culture of their own outside of the dominant culture
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| Sapir-Whorf hypothesis | the belief that the labels we use help shape the way we think, our worldview, and behavior
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| linguistic determinism | the belief that language influences how we interpret the world
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| linguistic relativity | the belief that persons who speak different languages perceive the world differently
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| low-context cultures | cultures in which self- expression is valued & whose members use explicit verbal messages to communicate information directly
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| high-context cultures | cultures whose members place less reliance on explicit verbal messages and more emphasis on indirectness as a means of preserving harmony
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| linguistic prejudice | the use of prejudiced language
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| prejudiced language | language which communicates a negative bias
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| code words | words that are discriminatory but not literally racist
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| qualifiers | tentative phrases
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| tag questions | a question that is midway between an outright statement and a yes-no question
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| disclaimers | remarks which diminish a statement's importance
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| gender-lects | Deborah Tannen's term for language differences attributed to gender
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| bypassing | that which occurs when individuals think they understand each other but actually miss each other's meaning
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| intensional orientation | preoccupation with labels
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| extensional orientation | focusing on the world of experience; not blinded by a label
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| euphemism | the substitution of a pleasant word in place of a less pleasant one
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| onlinespeak | the protocol of informality that marks electronic communication
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| netiquette | rules of the Internet
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| snarl words | words with highly negative connotations
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| purr words | words with highly positive connotations
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education