| nonverbal communication | the kinds of human messages/responses not expressed in words
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| mixed message | that which occurs when words and actions contradict each other
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| kinesics | the study of human body motion or body language
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| facial management techniques | the means we use to control the expressions we reveal to others
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| affect blends | facial movements which accompany the communicating of multiple emotions
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| microfacial or micromomentary expressions | an expression, 1/8 to 1/5 of a second in duration, that occurs when an individual attempts to conceal an emotion
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| civil inattention | the polite ignoring of others so as not to infringe on their privacy
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| artifactual communication | the use of personal adornments
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| paralanguage | vocal cues that accompany spoken language
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| pitch | the highness or lowness of the voice
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| habitual pitch | the characteristic pitch one uses
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| volume | degree of loudness
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| rate | speaking speed
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| nonfluencies | meaningless sounds or phrases which disrupt the flow of speech
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| silence | the absence of paralinguistic and verbal cues
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| proxemics | the study of the use of space
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| intimate distance | a distance ranging from the point of touch to 18 inches from a person
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| personal distance | a distance ranging from 18 inches from a person to 4 feet
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| social distance | a distance from a person of 4 feet to 12 feet
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| public distance | 12 feet or further from a person
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| informal space | space which is highly mobile and can be quickly changed
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| semifixed-feature space | the use of objects to create distance
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| fixed-feature space | space which contains relatively permanent objects
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| territoriality | the need to demonstrate a possessive or ownership relationship to space
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| markers | items that reserve one's space
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| chronemics | the study of time use
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| haptics | the study of the use of touch
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| visual dominance | a measure calculated by comparing the percentage of looking while speaking with the percentage of looking while listening
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| contact cultures | cultures that promote interaction and encourage displays of warmth, closeness, and availability
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| low-contact cultures | cultures that maintain more distance when interacting
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| emoticons | symbols that replace nonverbal cues during machine assisted communication
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education