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1 | |
During inspiration the pressure in the lungs increases. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2 | |
During expiration, ________ pressure in the thoracic cavity causes air to leave the lungs. |
| | A) | increased |
| | B) | decreased |
| | C) | vacuum |
| | D) | hydraulic |
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3 | |
Air passing along the respiratory tract is ________. |
| | A) | filtered |
| | B) | warmed |
| | C) | moistened with water |
| | D) | all of the above |
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4 | |
In the nose, the cilia beat upward carrying mucus and dust. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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5 | |
As air moves out during expiration, it cools and loses its moisture. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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6 | |
The human nose contains _____ nasal cavities. |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | four |
| | D) | eight |
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7 | |
The nasal cavities empty into the _________. |
| | A) | larynx |
| | B) | glottis |
| | C) | trachea |
| | D) | nasopharynx |
| | E) | epiglottis |
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8 | |
The moist membranes of the respiratory tract are protected by ________. |
| | A) | a dry epidermal surface |
| | B) | cartilage rings |
| | C) | mucus and cilia |
| | D) | roving macrophages from the lymphatic system |
| | E) | acidic glands |
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9 | |
The ________ lead(s) from the nasopharynx to the middle ears. |
| | A) | larynx |
| | B) | glottis |
| | C) | trachea |
| | D) | epiglottis |
| | E) | auditory tubes |
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10 | |
The trachea lies behind or dorsal to the esophagus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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11 | |
The esophagus opens only during ________. |
| | A) | inhaling |
| | B) | exhaling |
| | C) | speaking |
| | D) | swallowing |
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12 | |
The epiglottis prevents food from entering the larynx. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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13 | |
The ________ is the voice box. |
| | A) | larynx |
| | B) | glottis |
| | C) | trachea |
| | D) | epiglottis |
| | E) | eustachian or auditory tubes |
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14 | |
The ________ is held open by cartilaginous rings. |
| | A) | larynx |
| | B) | glottis |
| | C) | trachea |
| | D) | epiglottis |
| | E) | eustachian tubes |
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15 | |
Inserting a tube by way of an incision made in the trachea is called a ________. |
| | A) | tonsillectomy |
| | B) | hysterectomy |
| | C) | tracheostomy |
| | D) | lobotomy |
| | E) | appendectomy |
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16 | |
The trachea divides into two ________. |
| | A) | turbinates |
| | B) | nasal passages |
| | C) | subtrachea |
| | D) | bronchi |
| | E) | auditory or eustachian tubes |
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17 | |
The bronchi lead into the right and left ________. |
| | A) | larynx |
| | B) | glottis |
| | C) | trachea |
| | D) | lungs |
| | E) | auditory or eustachian tubes |
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18 | |
The bronchi branch into smaller passages called ________. |
| | A) | alveoli |
| | B) | bronchioles |
| | C) | microtrachea |
| | D) | bronchiettes |
| | E) | auditory or eustachian tubes |
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19 | |
Each bronchiole terminates in a space enclosed by a multitude of air pockets called ________. |
| | A) | alveoli |
| | B) | bronchioles |
| | C) | microtrachea |
| | D) | pleural membranes |
| | E) | auditory or eustachian tubes |
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20 | |
During an asthma attack the bronchioles dilate. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | |
The right lung has ________ lobes and the left lung has ________ lobe(s). |
| | A) | two, one |
| | B) | two, three |
| | C) | three, two |
| | D) | four, three |
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22 | |
Each alveolar sac is surrounded by ________. |
| | A) | arteries |
| | B) | veins |
| | C) | capillaries |
| | D) | primarily lymphatic ducts |
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23 | |
Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be moved in and out during a single breath. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | |
Respiration includes _____________. |
| | A) | breathing |
| | B) | external respiration |
| | C) | internal respiration |
| | D) | cellular respiration |
| | E) | all of the above |
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25 | |
The amount of air moved in and out with each breath is called the __________. |
| | A) | vital capacity |
| | B) | tidal volume |
| | C) | residual volume |
| | D) | dead space |
| | E) | ventilation rate |
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26 | |
Air remaining in the lungs after very deep breathing is called the ________. |
| | A) | vital capacity |
| | B) | tidal volume |
| | C) | residual volume |
| | D) | dead space |
| | E) | ventilation rate |
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27 | |
Residual volume is vital in providing a reservoir for gas exchange. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | |
The maximum volume of air that can be moved in and out during a single breath is called the _________. |
| | A) | vital capacity |
| | B) | tidal volume |
| | C) | residual volume |
| | D) | dead space |
| | E) | ventilation rate |
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29 | |
Most of the ribs are hinged to the vertebral column at the back and to the ________ at the front. |
| | A) | ventricles |
| | B) | sternum |
| | C) | pleural membranes |
| | D) | diaphragm |
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30 | |
The ________ forms the floor of the thoracic cavity. |
| | A) | ventricle |
| | B) | sternum |
| | C) | pleural membrane |
| | D) | diaphragm |
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31 | |
The lungs are enclosed by the ________ . |
| | A) | alveolar integument |
| | B) | bronchiole membranes |
| | C) | pleural membranes |
| | D) | diaphragm |
| | E) | sternum |
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32 | |
In its relaxed state, the diaphragm is _____________. |
| | A) | horizontally flattened |
| | B) | vertically flattened |
| | C) | folded like a map |
| | D) | V-shaped like a set mousetrap |
| | E) | dome-shaped. |
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33 | |
As the thoracic cavity increases in size, the lungs expand and air rushes in. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | |
Inspiration is the passive phase of breathing. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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35 | |
During inspiration the following occurs: |
| | A) | diaphragm muscles contract. |
| | B) | rib muscles contract. |
| | C) | the lungs expand and air rushes in. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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36 | |
Humans breathe by negative pressure. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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37 | |
The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles are ________ when expiration occurs. |
| | A) | contracted |
| | B) | relaxed |
| | C) | flexed |
| | D) | both relaxed (diaphragm) and flexed (intercostal muscles) |
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38 | |
The respiratory center is located in the ________. |
| | A) | individual body muscles that use up oxygen |
| | B) | alveoli |
| | C) | medulla oblongata |
| | D) | diaphragmatic center |
| | E) | pleural center |
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39 | |
The primary stimulus or stimuli for the respiratory center is/are _________. |
| | A) | carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions |
| | B) | oxygen gas levels in the blood |
| | C) | oxygen gas levels in the hemoglobin |
| | D) | conscious feeling for the need for more oxygen |
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40 | |
The respiratory center is directly affected by low oxygen levels. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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41 | |
Chemical receptors in carotid bodies respond to _____. |
| | A) | hydrogen ion concentration |
| | B) | levels of carbon dioxide in the blood |
| | C) | levels of oxygen in the blood |
| | D) | all of the above |
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42 | |
When blood levels of carbon dioxide rise, the rate and depth of breathing _________. |
| | A) | decreases |
| | B) | increases |
| | C) | stays the same |
| | D) | stops |
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43 | |
The respiratory center sends out nerve impulses to the _________ . |
| | A) | control center in the brain |
| | B) | muscles of the body that regulate use of oxygen |
| | C) | diaphragm and rib cage |
| | D) | carotid and aortic bodies |
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44 | |
During ________ respiration, the respiratory pigment hemoglobin combines with oxygen in the lungs. |
| | A) | internal |
| | B) | external |
| | C) | aerobic cellular |
| | D) | circulatory |
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45 | |
During internal respiration, hemoglobin gives up carbon dioxide to the cells. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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46 | |
A small amount of hemoglobin aids in the transport of carbon dioxide from the tissue to the lungs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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47 | |
________ refers to the exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue fluid. |
| | A) | Internal respiration |
| | B) | External respiration |
| | C) | Aerobic cellular respiration |
| | D) | Circulatory respiration |
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48 | |
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveolar air and blood is governed by ________. |
| | A) | gravity |
| | B) | blood pressure |
| | C) | diffusion |
| | D) | active transport |
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49 | |
Blood flowing into lung capillaries has a higher concentration of _________ than atmospheric air. |
| | A) | oxygen |
| | B) | both carbon dioxide and oxygen |
| | C) | water |
| | D) | carbon dioxide |
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50 | |
Carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood into the alveoli. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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51 | |
Blood comes into the pulmonary capillaries as oxygenated and alveolar air is deoxygenated. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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52 | |
Most of the carbon dioxide is being carried as ________ ions as blood enters the pulmonary capillaries. |
| | A) | deoxyhemoglobin |
| | B) | carbaminohemoglobin |
| | C) | bicarbonate |
| | D) | oxyhemoglobin |
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53 | |
Hb is called reduced hemoglobin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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54 | |
Hemoglobin retains oxygen and tends to release it in the ________. |
| | A) | bloodstream |
| | B) | lungs |
| | C) | heart |
| | D) | tissues |
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55 | |
Hemoglobin takes up oxygen more readily in the warm temperatures and acidic pH of the lungs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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56 | |
________ refers to the exchange of gases between air in the alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries. |
| | A) | Internal respiration |
| | B) | External respiration |
| | C) | Aerobic cellular respiration |
| | D) | Circulatory respiration |
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57 | |
During external respiration in the lungs ___________. |
| | A) | carbon dioxide leaves the blood |
| | B) | oxygen enters the blood |
| | C) | carbon dioxide leaves the blood and oxygen enters the blood |
| | D) | carbon dioxide enters the blood and oxygen leaves the blood |
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58 | |
Blood in systemic capillaries is bright red because ________. |
| | A) | red cells lack oxyhemoglobin |
| | B) | red cells contain oxyhemoglobin |
| | C) | red cells contain carbon dioxide |
| | D) | oxyhemoglobin in plasma is redder |
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59 | |
Oxygen diffuses out of blood into tissues because ___________. |
| | A) | oxygen concentration of tissue fluid is lower |
| | B) | carbon dioxide concentration of tissue fluid is lower |
| | C) | carbon dioxide concentration of tissue fluid is higher |
| | D) | the oxygen concentration of blood is lower |
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60 | |
Cells continuously use up oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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61 | |
________ is formed when hemoglobin takes up carbon dioxide. |
| | A) | Deoxyhemoglobin |
| | B) | Carbaminohemoglobin |
| | C) | Sodium bicarbonate |
| | D) | Oxyhemoglobin |
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62 | |
Most of the carbon dioxide combines with ________ forming carbonic acid. |
| | A) | hemoglobin |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | water |
| | D) | sodium bicarbonate |
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63 | |
Carbonic acid dissociates into ________. |
| | A) | carbon dioxide and water |
| | B) | bicarbonate and hydrogen ions |
| | C) | carbon and acid |
| | D) | sodium and bicarbonate salts |
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64 | |
HHb occurs when the globin portion of hemoglobin combines with excess ________ ions. |
| | A) | carbon dioxide |
| | B) | bicarbonate |
| | C) | hydrogen |
| | D) | sodium |
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65 | |
HHb is called ________ hemoglobin. |
| | A) | oxidized |
| | B) | hydrated |
| | C) | reduced |
| | D) | hyper |
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66 | |
Bicarbonate ions are carried mostly __________. |
| | A) | by red blood cell membranes |
| | B) | in the plasma |
| | C) | by white blood cells |
| | D) | by hemoglobin |
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67 | |
Blood leaving the tissue capillaries is bright red because red blood cells contain reduced hemoglobin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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68 | |
Acute bronchitis usually is caused by a secondary bacterial infection of the bronchi. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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69 | |
Chronic bronchitis is caused by __________. |
| | A) | a bacterial infection |
| | B) | a viral infection |
| | C) | constant irritation of the lining of the bronchi |
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70 | |
Strep throat is a viral infection. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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71 | |
Tuberculosis cannot be treated by antibiotics. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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72 | |
Smoking destroys the cilia and is one cause of chronic bronchitis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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73 | |
Pneumonia is caused by ________. |
| | A) | bacteria |
| | B) | viruses |
| | C) | the protozoan Pneumocystis carinii in AIDS patients |
| | D) | all of the above can cause pneumonia |
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74 | |
Pneumonia in AIDS patients who have a compromised immune system is caused by a protozoan. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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75 | |
Tuberculosis causes the alveoli to burst and the alveoli are replaced by connective tissue. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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76 | |
Lack of oxygen to the brain can make the person feel ________. |
| | A) | sleepy |
| | B) | depressed, sluggish and irritable |
| | C) | hyperactive |
| | D) | like gasping for air |
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77 | |
Inhaling particles such as silica, coal dust and asbestos can lead to ________. |
| | A) | pneumonia |
| | B) | tuberculosis |
| | C) | pulmonary fibrosis |
| | D) | all of the above |
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78 | |
The event(s) involved in the formation of lung cancer is/are _________. |
| | A) | callusing of cells lining the bronchi |
| | B) | loss of cilia |
| | C) | formation of cells with atypical nuclei |
| | D) | all of the above |
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