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1 | |
Excretion rids the body of ________. |
| | A) | excess food |
| | B) | cellular metabolic wastes |
| | C) | nondigestible ingested material |
| | D) | all of the above |
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2 | |
The organ(s) of excretion is/are _______. |
| | A) | skin |
| | B) | lungs |
| | C) | liver |
| | D) | kidneys |
| | E) | all of the above |
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3 | |
Excretion refers to the elimination of feces from the body. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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4 | |
________ contain(s) nitrogen. |
| | A) | Amino acids |
| | B) | Nucleotides |
| | C) | Creatine phosphate |
| | D) | all of the above |
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5 | |
In humans, the liver _________. |
| | A) | removes carbon dioxide from the body |
| | B) | stores creatine phosphate |
| | C) | converts ammonia to urea |
| | D) | regulates the body temperature |
| | E) | all of the above are liver functions |
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6 | |
________ is/are produced in the liver by a complicated series of reactions. |
| | A) | Amino acids |
| | B) | Nucleotides |
| | C) | Creatine phosphate |
| | D) | Ammonia |
| | E) | Urea |
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7 | |
Crystals of uric acid sometimes collect in the joints, producing a painful ailment called gout. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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8 | |
Creatinine is an end product of ________ metabolism. |
| | A) | lung |
| | B) | nucleotide |
| | C) | muscle |
| | D) | ammonia |
| | E) | anaerobic |
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9 | |
Kidney function(s) include ____________. |
| | A) | water and salt balance |
| | B) | removal of metabolic wastes |
| | C) | acid-base balance |
| | D) | hormone secretion |
| | E) | all of the above |
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10 | |
The urinary system consists of _____. |
| | A) | kidneys |
| | B) | ureters |
| | C) | urinary bladder |
| | D) | all of the above |
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11 | |
The kidneys lie above the membranous lining of the abdominal cavity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | |
The ________ are muscular tubes that convey the urine from the kidneys to the bladder. |
| | A) | urethras |
| | B) | ureters |
| | C) | urinary bladders |
| | D) | nephrons |
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13 | |
The ureters are muscular tubes that convey the urine from the kidneys to the bladder by ________. |
| | A) | beating of cilia |
| | B) | active transport |
| | C) | peristalsis |
| | D) | hypotonic pressure |
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14 | |
The urinary bladder can hold up to 600 ml of urine. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | |
There is a connection between the genital and urinary systems in females. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | |
Only the urinary system, consisting of the kidneys, the urinary bladder, the ureters, and the urethra, ever holds urine. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | |
On the concave side of each kidney there is a depression where (the) ________ enter(s). |
| | A) | renal artery |
| | B) | ureter |
| | C) | renal vein |
| | D) | all of the above |
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18 | |
The kidney consists of ____________. |
| | A) | the renal cortex |
| | B) | the renal medulla |
| | C) | the renal pelvis |
| | D) | all of the above |
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19 | |
The renal cortex contains cone-shaped tissue masses called renal pyramids. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | |
A kidney contains many collecting ducts, which enter the renal ________. |
| | A) | cortex |
| | B) | medulla |
| | C) | pelvis |
| | D) | loop of the nephron |
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21 | |
Microscopically, the kidney is composed of over one million nephrons. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | |
Nephrons are sometimes called __________. |
| | A) | convoluted tubules |
| | B) | renal or kidney tubules |
| | C) | loops of the nephron |
| | D) | glomerular capsules |
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23 | |
Each nephron in the kidney is made up of several parts, including ____________. |
| | A) | the glomerular capsule |
| | B) | the proximal convoluted tubule |
| | C) | the distal convoluted tubule |
| | D) | the loop of the nephron |
| | E) | all of the above |
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24 | |
The glomerular capsule and the convoluted tubule lie outside the renal cortex. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | |
The ________ is a capillary knot inside the glomerular capsule. |
| | A) | proximal convoluted tubule |
| | B) | peritubular capillary |
| | C) | loop of the nephron |
| | D) | glomerulus |
| | E) | distal convoluted tubule |
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26 | |
The peritubular capillary surrounds most of the nephron. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | |
Urine formation consists of ___________. |
| | A) | glomerular filtration |
| | B) | tubular reabsorption |
| | C) | tubular secretion |
| | D) | all of the above |
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28 | |
The pattern of blood flow about the nephron is critical to urine formation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | |
The filterable components of the blood that move across from the glomerulus are________. |
| | A) | water, nitrogenous wastes, nutrients, and salts |
| | B) | blood cells and platelets and proteins |
| | C) | albumin, fats and other proteins |
| | D) | mainly blood cells |
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30 | |
The filterable components form ________. |
| | A) | the glomerular filtrate |
| | B) | tubular secretions |
| | C) | large molecular complexes |
| | D) | bile salts |
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31 | |
The nonfilterable components stay inside the glomerular capsule. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | |
The cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule are anatomically adapted for ________ reabsorption. |
| | A) | passive |
| | B) | active |
| | C) | both active and passive |
| | D) | no |
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33 | |
Reabsorption is called ________ reabsorption because only molecules recognized by carrier molecules are actively reabsorbed. |
| | A) | general |
| | B) | indiscriminate |
| | C) | selective |
| | D) | reverse |
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34 | |
The loop of the nephron is made up of ________ limb(s). |
| | A) | a descending |
| | B) | an ascending |
| | C) | both ascending and descending |
| | D) | convoluted |
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35 | |
Water cannot leave the ascending limb of the loop of the nephron because the limb is impermeable to water. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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36 | |
Drinking alcohol causes diuresis because it inhibits the secretion of ________. |
| | A) | ANH |
| | B) | ADH |
| | C) | angiotensin |
| | D) | cortisone |
| | E) | aldosterone |
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37 | |
________ is a hormone that primarily maintains sodium ion balance. |
| | A) | ANH |
| | B) | ADH |
| | C) | Angiotensin |
| | D) | Cortisone |
| | E) | Aldosterone |
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38 | |
The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes renin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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39 | |
If the kidneys fail to function, _________. |
| | A) | other organs can carry on all the excretion functions for some time |
| | B) | renal failure becomes a life-threatening event |
| | C) | they rapidly regenerate their nephrons |
| | D) | cells store their own metabolic wastes until the kidneys function again |
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40 | |
Infection of the bladder is called ________. |
| | A) | pyelonephritis |
| | B) | urethritis |
| | C) | cystitis |
| | D) | hemodialysis |
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41 | |
The accumulation of waste substances in the blood is called ________. |
| | A) | pyelonephritis |
| | B) | urethritis |
| | C) | cystitis |
| | D) | hemodialysis |
| | E) | uremia |
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42 | |
Modern hemodialysis involves ___________. |
| | A) | an all day process twice a week |
| | B) | an anticoagulant to prevent the blood from coagulating inside the machine |
| | C) | a complex nutrient solution with substances to be added to the blood |
| | D) | methods to allow regular hookup to the patient's bloodstream |
| | E) | regular blood transfusions from healthy donors |
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43 | |
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis involves ___________. |
| | A) | being confined to a hemodialysis machine several times a week |
| | B) | an anticoagulant to prevent the blood from coagulating inside the machine |
| | C) | an ambulance crew to administer the dialysis |
| | D) | methods to allow regular hookup to the patient's bloodstream |
| | E) | placing the dialyzing fluid inside the peritoneal cavity to operate during normal activity |
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