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1 | |
All red blood cells are produced in the spleen. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2 | |
Yellow bone marrow is primarily ___________. |
| | A) | for cartilage production |
| | B) | fat storage |
| | C) | osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| | D) | collagen fibers and calcium salts |
| | E) | blood stem cells |
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3 | |
Bones are held in place by muscles. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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4 | |
________ most often attach muscles to a joint. |
| | A) | Tendons |
| | B) | Ligaments |
| | C) | Menisci |
| | D) | Synovia |
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5 | |
The spaces in spongy bones are often filled with red bone marrow, which produces ________. |
| | A) | cartilage |
| | B) | blood vessels and nerves |
| | C) | osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| | D) | collagen fibers and calcium salts |
| | E) | blood cells |
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6 | |
The central canals in compact bone contain __________. |
| | A) | cartilage |
| | B) | blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves |
| | C) | osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| | D) | collagen fibers and calcium salts |
| | E) | blood stem cells |
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7 | |
Osteocytes are found in the osteons. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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8 | |
Osteocytes are found in the osteons. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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9 | |
Cells that break down bone are called osteocytes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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10 | |
The function(s) of an osteoclast is/are to ________________. |
| | A) | remove worn cells and deposit calcium in the blood |
| | B) | form new bone tissue |
| | C) | constantly generate new blood cells |
| | D) | generate cartilage |
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11 | |
The production of new bone tissue is dependent on the growth of the ________ cells. |
| | A) | osteocyte |
| | B) | osteoclast |
| | C) | osteoblast |
| | D) | cartilage |
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12 | |
The thickness of the bones never changes once a person is fully grown. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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13 | |
The axial skeleton lies in/at the ________ . |
| | A) | top of the body, supporting the head |
| | B) | extended limbs of the body |
| | C) | midline of the body |
| | D) | left and right side of the body |
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14 | |
Skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton, and they function to _____. |
| | A) | support the body |
| | B) | make bones move |
| | C) | release heat to maintain body temperature |
| | D) | protect internal organs |
| | E) | all of the above |
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15 | |
The axial skeleton consists of _________. |
| | A) | only the skull |
| | B) | all bones within the pectoral and pelvic girdles and the attached limbs |
| | C) | the skull, vertebral column, hyoid and ribs |
| | D) | fingers and toes |
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16 | |
All of the sinuses drain into the nasal cavity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | |
In newborns, certain cranial bones are NOT completely formed and instead are joined by membranous regions called ________. |
| | A) | sinuses |
| | B) | chitin |
| | C) | fontanels |
| | D) | osteons |
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18 | |
The frontal, parietal and occipital are bones that form the ____________. |
| | A) | pelvic girdle |
| | B) | shoulder region |
| | C) | hand |
| | D) | skull |
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19 | |
The jaw consists of the ___________. |
| | A) | frontal and parietal bones |
| | B) | mandible and maxillae |
| | C) | palatine, zygomatic and nasal bones |
| | D) | phalanges and carpals |
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20 | |
The vertebral column extends from the skull to the ________. |
| | A) | frontal bone |
| | B) | pelvis |
| | C) | sternum |
| | D) | phalanges |
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21 | |
Normally, the vertebral column is not straight but has ________ curvature(s). |
| | A) | one major |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | four |
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22 | |
Intervertebral disks, located between the vertebrae, allow motion between the vertebrae so that we can bend. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | |
All ribs connect directly to the lumbar vertebrae. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | |
The two pairs of "floating ribs" are so-called because they are NOT attached to any other bone structure but are freely embedded in muscle. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | |
Which of the following is NOT in the appendicular skeleton? |
| | A) | clavicle |
| | B) | coxal |
| | C) | metatarsals |
| | D) | vertebrae |
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26 | |
The components of the ________ are loosely linked by ligaments rather than firm joints. |
| | A) | pelvic girdle |
| | B) | cranium |
| | C) | pectoral girdle |
| | D) | jaw |
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27 | |
________ is a term that refers to either fingers or toes. |
| | A) | Carpals |
| | B) | Tarsals |
| | C) | Clavicles |
| | D) | Digits |
| | E) | Deltoid tubercles |
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28 | |
The arm twists easily because the radius and the ulna are always parallel to each other. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | |
The ________ bone that leads out to the thumb is positioned so that the thumb can reach out and touch the other digits. |
| | A) | carpal |
| | B) | tarsal |
| | C) | metacarpal |
| | D) | metatarsal |
| | E) | phalanges |
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30 | |
The bones of the arm consist of the ______________. |
| | A) | zygomatic and palatine |
| | B) | clavicle and scapula |
| | C) | carpals, metacarpals and phalanges |
| | D) | humerus, ulna, and radius |
| | E) | patella, extensor and flexor |
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31 | |
The joint in the arm that is most easily dislocated is the ________. |
| | A) | wrist where the carpals interface with the radius and ulna |
| | B) | head of the humerus that fits into the scapula |
| | C) | elbow where the humerus interfaces with the radius and ulna |
| | D) | none of the above since the arm does not suffer from dislocations |
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32 | |
The scientific name for the hipbones that anchor to the sacrum is the ________ bone(s). |
| | A) | pubic arch |
| | B) | tibial |
| | C) | fibular |
| | D) | coxal |
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33 | |
Which of the following is NOT a bone in the leg? |
| | A) | femur |
| | B) | tibia |
| | C) | ulna |
| | D) | fibula |
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34 | |
In the lower leg, the fibula has a frontal ridge we call the "shin." |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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35 | |
The bones of the toes are called phalanges. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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36 | |
Some bones, such as those in the ________, are sutured together in fibrous joints and are therefore immovable. |
| | A) | hand and foot |
| | B) | cranium |
| | C) | vertebrae |
| | D) | knee |
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37 | |
Most joints are freely movable ________ joints. |
| | A) | fibrous |
| | B) | cartilaginous |
| | C) | synovial |
| | D) | cranial |
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38 | |
A knee joint contains 13 fluid-filled sacs called _______. |
| | A) | menisci |
| | B) | sutures |
| | C) | bursa |
| | D) | synovia |
| | E) | phalanges |
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39 | |
The knee is an example of a ________ joint. |
| | A) | fibrous |
| | B) | cartilaginous |
| | C) | synovial |
| | D) | cranial |
| | E) | ball-and-socket |
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40 | |
The knee contains crescent-shaped pieces of cartilage between the bones called bursa. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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41 | |
The knee has pieces of cartilage between the bones called ________. |
| | A) | bursae |
| | B) | fontanels |
| | C) | synovia |
| | D) | menisci |
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42 | |
Synovial joints occur in two types: ______________. |
| | A) | cartilaginous and fibrous joints |
| | B) | hinge and ball-and-socket joints |
| | C) | synovia and bursae |
| | D) | those joined by ligaments and those joined by tendons |
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43 | |
The most versatile joints that permit the most movement are the _____________. |
| | A) | hinge joints |
| | B) | ball-and-socket joints |
| | C) | fibrous and cartilaginous joints |
| | D) | vertebral joints |
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44 | |
Synovial joints are subject to a general disease called ________. |
| | A) | arthritis |
| | B) | bursitis |
| | C) | osteoporosis |
| | D) | tendinitis |
| | E) | multiple sclerosis |
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45 | |
Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by __________. |
| | A) | a bacteria |
| | B) | a virus |
| | C) | a reaction to an immunization |
| | D) | an autoimmune reaction |
| | E) | too much exercise |
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46 | |
Osteoarthritis develops because the cartilage at the ends of the bones disintegrates. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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47 | |
Movable joints are classified according to the degree of ________ . |
| | A) | protection they afford |
| | B) | movement they provide |
| | C) | weight they support |
| | D) | stress they endure |
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48 | |
Because we need to both extend and flex at a joint, skeletal muscles generally work in ________. |
| | A) | parallel contraction at the same time |
| | B) | a constant state of flexion |
| | C) | antagonistic pairs |
| | D) | cycles of forcible extension and forcible contraction |
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49 | |
The lower arm extends when the ___________. |
| | A) | triceps brachii contracts |
| | B) | biceps brachii contracts |
| | C) | gastrocnemius contracts |
| | D) | muscle insertion meets the origin |
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50 | |
Skeletal muscles attach ____________. |
| | A) | at two origins |
| | B) | with the insertion of the muscle on the bone that moves |
| | C) | with the origin of the muscle on the bone that moves |
| | D) | at two insertion points |
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51 | |
A muscle fiber obeys the ____________. |
| | A) | law of maximum stimulus |
| | B) | law of self defense |
| | C) | all-or-none law |
| | D) | threshold stimulus |
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52 | |
In a muscle fiber, the cell membrane is called the _________. |
| | A) | sarcolemma |
| | B) | sarcoplasm |
| | C) | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| | D) | myofibril |
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53 | |
A simple muscle twitch recorded on a physiograph is divided into what periods? |
| | A) | latent period |
| | B) | contraction period |
| | C) | relaxation period |
| | D) | all of the above |
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54 | |
The visual graph formed from changing the mechanical force of contraction into an electrical current is called a/an ___________. |
| | A) | twitch pattern |
| | B) | EKG |
| | C) | myogram |
| | D) | oscilloscope tracing |
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55 | |
Potassium ions (K+), which are stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, are essential for muscle contraction. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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56 | |
The contractile elements of muscle fibers are called ________. |
| | A) | creatine phosphate |
| | B) | sarcoplasm |
| | C) | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| | D) | myofibrils |
| | E) | neuromuscular junctions |
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57 | |
Myofibrils have light and dark bands called neuromuscular junctions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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58 | |
A sarcomere extends between two dark ________ lines. |
| | A) | Q |
| | B) | Z |
| | C) | T |
| | D) | R |
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59 | |
The two types of protein filaments in sarcomeres are tropomyosin and troponin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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60 | |
According to the sliding filament theory, ________ is/are the filament(s) that slides. |
| | A) | neuromuscular junctions |
| | B) | actin |
| | C) | myosin |
| | D) | myofibrils |
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61 | |
In the presence of calcium ions and ATP, _________ bend backward and attach to an actin filament. |
| | A) | neuromuscular junctions |
| | B) | creatine phosphate |
| | C) | sarcomeres |
| | D) | cross-bridges |
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62 | |
After attaching, the cross-bridges of the myosin bend forward and the _________ is pulled along. |
| | A) | neuromuscular junction |
| | B) | creatine phosphate |
| | C) | sarcomere |
| | D) | actin filament |
| | E) | I band |
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63 | |
Creatine phosphate ____________. |
| | A) | can be used in the reaction: actin + myosin = actomyosin |
| | B) | is used to regenerate ADP to ATP |
| | C) | is the molecule that triggers contraction |
| | D) | forms the core strand of myosin |
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64 | |
________ is/are the direct source of the energy for muscle contraction. |
| | A) | ATP |
| | B) | Calcium ions |
| | C) | Five-carbon sugars |
| | D) | Mitochondria |
| | E) | ATPase enzyme |
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65 | |
Oxygen debt is associated with ___________. |
| | A) | the metabolism of lactate that has accumulated with exercise |
| | B) | production of ATP |
| | C) | continued heavy breathing after exercise |
| | D) | all of the above |
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66 | |
The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction involves |
| | A) | calcium ions releasing ATP for energy |
| | B) | calcium ions binding with troponin, which shifts tropomyosin and allows the myosin-binding sites on actin to be exposed |
| | C) | neuromuscular junctions directly producing the movement of actin and myosin |
| | D) | actin filaments moving the myosin filaments in each sarcomere |
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67 | |
When a muscle relaxes, even though stimulation continues, it is called _______. |
| | A) | summation |
| | B) | tetanus |
| | C) | buildup of lactate from pyruvic acid |
| | D) | fatigue |
| | E) | muscle twitch |
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68 | |
The junction between a nerve and a muscle is called a_____________. |
| | A) | neuromuscular junction |
| | B) | synapse |
| | C) | sarcomere |
| | D) | neurotransmitter |
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69 | |
A muscle contraction begins with release of _______, which reaches a sarcolemma, depolarizing the sarcolemma. |
| | A) | acetylcholine |
| | B) | calcium |
| | C) | lactic acid |
| | D) | ATP |
| | E) | cross-bridges |
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70 | |
Exercise ____________. |
| | A) | improves cardiorespiratory endurance |
| | B) | increases lung and diffusion capacity |
| | C) | improves the ratio of protein to fat |
| | D) | helps prevent certain kinds of cancer |
| | E) | does all of the above |
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71 | |
With exercise, muscles will enlarge due to _________. |
| | A) | each muscle cell enlarging |
| | B) | the addition of fat and fibrous tissue amidst the muscle tissue |
| | C) | enlargement of the blood vessels |
| | D) | the number of myofibrils within muscle fibers increasing |
| | E) | additional interstitial fluids attributed to steroid balance |
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