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1 | |
Along with the nervous system, the ______ system coordinates the various activities of body parts. |
| | A) | digestive |
| | B) | endocrine |
| | C) | circulatory |
| | D) | respiratory |
| | E) | excretory |
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2 | |
A moth sex attractant would be a _______. |
| | A) | hormone |
| | B) | neurotransmitter |
| | C) | pheromone |
| | D) | steroid |
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3 | |
______ are chemical messengers that are produced in one body region but affect a different body region. |
| | A) | Enzymes |
| | B) | Endocrines |
| | C) | Neurotransmitters |
| | D) | Nucleic acids |
| | E) | Hormones |
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4 | |
The endocrine system is quicker than the nervous system. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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5 | |
Certain cells respond to one hormone and not to another, depending on their receptors. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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6 | |
Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream for transport to target organs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | |
Hormones are substances that fall into two basic categories:___________. |
| | A) | stimulator hormones and receptor hormones |
| | B) | proteins and sugars |
| | C) | male hormones and female hormones |
| | D) | non-steroid (peptide) hormones and steroid hormones |
| | E) | inter-organ and inter-organismic |
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8 | |
Non-steroid hormones are produced by the adrenal glands, the ovaries, and the testes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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9 | |
The receptors for non-steroid peptide hormones are on the ______. |
| | A) | plasma membrane |
| | B) | nuclear envelope |
| | C) | DNA receptor complex |
| | D) | peptide chain |
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10 | |
Non-steroid peptide hormones enter the cell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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11 | |
Steroid hormones do NOT bind to plasma membrane receptors. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | |
Steroid hormones lead to the ______ . |
| | A) | destruction of normal DNA |
| | B) | replication of hormones by the cell DNA |
| | C) | synthesis of new enzymes |
| | D) | alteration of the Krebs cycle |
| | E) | better health and longer life |
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13 | |
The pituitary is located beneath the thalamus in the brain. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | |
The hypothalamus regulates ___________. |
| | A) | heart rate |
| | B) | body temperature |
| | C) | water balance |
| | D) | glandular secretions |
| | E) | all of the above |
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15 | |
The pituitary gland is divided into two portions: the posterior pituitary and the anterior pituitary. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | |
The posterior pituitary stores and secretes _________. |
| | A) | ADH and oxytocin |
| | B) | growth hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone |
| | C) | estrogen and testosterone |
| | D) | aldosterone and cortisone |
| | E) | adrenalin and insulin |
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17 | |
ADH promotes the expulsion of water from the collecting duct, a portion of the nephron. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | |
The function(s) of oxytocin is/are to ______________. |
| | A) | cause the uterus to contract |
| | B) | induce labor |
| | C) | stimulate the release of milk from the mother's mammary glands when her baby is nursing. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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19 | |
Hypothalamic releasing and release-inhibiting hormones are transported from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary by way of __________. |
| | A) | the general bloodstream |
| | B) | a portal system of blood vessels directly connecting the two organs |
| | C) | direct contact between the two organs |
| | D) | a cascade of release-inhibit-release-etc. interactions |
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20 | |
Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary that have a direct effect on the body, rather than trigger another gland, are __________. |
| | A) | GH, prolactin, and MSH |
| | B) | TSH, ACTH, and gonadotropic hormones |
| | C) | testosterone and estrogen |
| | D) | FH, LSH and progesterone |
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21 | |
GH promotes __________. |
| | A) | cell division |
| | B) | protein synthesis |
| | C) | bone growth |
| | D) | all of the above |
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22 | |
Which hormone dramatically affects physical appearance? |
| | A) | gonadotropin-releasing hormone |
| | B) | growth |
| | C) | steroid |
| | D) | male and female |
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23 | |
If the production of GH increases in an adult after full height has been attained, only certain bones respond and result in acromegaly. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | |
Prolactin is produced in quantity throughout every person's life. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | |
In humans, MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) ___________. |
| | A) | regulates primary skin color |
| | B) | causes the thyroid to produce thyroxin |
| | C) | governs the rate of tanning |
| | D) | concentration is very low |
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26 | |
An overproduction of GH in adults causes a condition called ______. |
| | A) | hyperthyroidism |
| | B) | acromegaly |
| | C) | a pituitary giant |
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27 | |
The parathyroid glands are located __________ . |
| | A) | below the thyroid, hence the name "para" |
| | B) | above the thyroid, hence the name "para" |
| | C) | imbedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland |
| | D) | distant from the thyroid but named because there are two and they resemble the thyroid glands |
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28 | |
The thyroid gland is attached to the trachea just above the larynx. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | |
If ______ is lacking in the diet, the thyroid gland enlarges, producing a goiter. |
| | A) | thyroxin |
| | B) | iron |
| | C) | iodine |
| | D) | calcium |
| | E) | phosphorus |
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30 | |
Thyroxine and triiodothyronine, the thyroid hormones, do not have a specific target organ; instead, they stimulate most of the cells of the body to metabolize at a faster rate. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
If the thyroid fails to develop properly from childhood, a condition called ______ results. |
| | A) | goiter |
| | B) | cretinism |
| | C) | acromegaly |
| | D) | pituitary dwarfism |
| | E) | myxedema |
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32 | |
Hypothyroidism in adults produces a condition called _________ . |
| | A) | goiter |
| | B) | cretinism |
| | C) | acromegaly |
| | D) | pituitary dwarfism |
| | E) | myxedema |
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33 | |
In addition to thyroxine and triiodothyronine, the thyroid gland produces ________. |
| | A) | TSH |
| | B) | ACTH |
| | C) | calcitonin |
| | D) | FSH |
| | E) | gonadotropin-releasing hormone |
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34 | |
Calcitonin ____________. |
| | A) | regulates the calcium level in blood |
| | B) | is balanced by the action of parathyroid hormone |
| | C) | increases the deposit of calcium in bone |
| | D) | all of the above |
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35 | |
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) ___________. |
| | A) | stops the absorption of calcium from the intestine |
| | B) | stimulates the release of calcium by the kidneys |
| | C) | causes blood calcium level to decrease |
| | D) | causes blood phosphate level to decrease |
| | E) | all of the above |
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36 | |
If insufficient PTH is produced, the blood calcium level drops, resulting in ______. |
| | A) | reduced growth in childhood or parathyroid dwarfism |
| | B) | tetany, where the body shakes from continuous muscle contraction |
| | C) | osteoporosis |
| | D) | blood clotting |
| | E) | exophthalmic goiter |
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37 | |
In tetany, the body shakes from continuous muscle contraction. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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38 | |
Calcium plays an important role in __________. |
| | A) | neural conduction |
| | B) | muscle contraction |
| | C) | blood clotting |
| | D) | all of the above |
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39 | |
The adrenal glands consist of _________. |
| | A) | the inner and outer layer of the kidney |
| | B) | the inner medulla and the outer cortex |
| | C) | lower adrenal and upper paradrenal sections |
| | D) | ACTH and BCTH sections |
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40 | |
The medulla and the cortex portions of the adrenal glands function together as a physiological unit. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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41 | |
The adrenal medulla secretes ______ under conditions of stress. |
| | A) | norepinephrine |
| | B) | epinephrine |
| | C) | both of the above |
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42 | |
The adrenal ______ secretes a small amount of both sex hormones. |
| | A) | medulla |
| | B) | cortex |
| | C) | accessory gland |
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43 | |
Cortisol is a ___________. |
| | A) | sex hormone |
| | B) | glucocorticoid |
| | C) | mineralocorticoid |
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44 | |
ACTH controls the secretion of ___________. |
| | A) | cortisol |
| | B) | aldosterone |
| | C) | epinephrine |
| | D) | testosterone |
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45 | |
Aldosterone regulates the blood sodium and potassium levels. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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46 | |
The primary target organ of aldosterone is _________. |
| | A) | the liver |
| | B) | the pancreas |
| | C) | the kidney |
| | D) | all of the above |
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47 | |
The heart produces a hormone that acts to increase aldosterone. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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48 | |
Low levels of adrenal cortex hormones result in __________. |
| | A) | Addison disease |
| | B) | Cushing syndrome |
| | C) | diabetes |
| | D) | tetany |
| | E) | goiter |
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49 | |
A person with Addison disease ___________. |
| | A) | is unable to replenish blood glucose levels under stressful conditions |
| | B) | develops dramatically more male features |
| | C) | develops a rounded face and edema |
| | D) | has overgrowth of hands and face |
| | E) | all of the above |
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50 | |
A person with Cushing syndrome has a tendency toward diabetes mellitus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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51 | |
The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine tissue. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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52 | |
The pancreatic endocrine tissues are called pancreatic islets. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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53 | |
There is/are ______ type(s) of diabetes mellitus. |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | three |
| | C) | two |
| | D) | five |
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54 | |
The pancreatic islets produce __________. |
| | A) | insulin and glucagon |
| | B) | pancreatin |
| | C) | ACTH and aldosterone |
| | D) | pancreatic digestive enzymes |
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55 | |
Insulin functions to __________. |
| | A) | promote the storage of nutrients |
| | B) | lower the blood glucose level by stimulating liver, fat and muscle cells to metabolize glucose |
| | C) | stimulate uptake of glucose by cells |
| | D) | all of the above |
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56 | |
Glucagon increases the action of insulin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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57 | |
In __________ diabetes the pancreas is NOT producing insulin. |
| | A) | type I |
| | B) | type II |
| | C) | type III |
| | D) | all forms of |
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58 | |
It is believed that type I diabetes is brought on by an environmental agent, probably a virus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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59 | |
Type II diabetes usually occurs in people who are obese and inactive. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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60 | |
In type II diabetes, insulin is produced but the live and muscle cells do NOT respond to it. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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61 | |
The ______ are the male sex hormones. |
| | A) | androgens |
| | B) | estrogens |
| | C) | aldosterones |
| | D) | insulins |
| | E) | pheromones |
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62 | |
Anabolic steroids are ______ forms of testosterone. |
| | A) | natural |
| | B) | synthetic |
| | C) | super-active |
| | D) | ineffective |
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63 | |
The thymus increases in size with aging. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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64 | |
The thymus aids the differentiation of ______ cells. |
| | A) | red blood |
| | B) | B |
| | C) | T |
| | D) | cancerous |
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65 | |
The _________ produces the hormone melatonin. |
| | A) | pituitary gland |
| | B) | pineal gland |
| | C) | thyroid gland |
| | D) | pancreatic gland |
| | E) | hypothalamus |
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66 | |
Melatonin is involved with circadian rhythms. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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67 | |
The family of chemical messengers that causes the pain and discomfort of menstruation are ___________. |
| | A) | ADH |
| | B) | progesterones |
| | C) | prostaglandins |
| | D) | steroids |
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68 | |
_________ helps reduce pain because it inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins. |
| | A) | Cyanide |
| | B) | Acetominophen |
| | C) | Serotonin |
| | D) | Aspirin |
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