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1 | |
________ occurs when sperm and egg interact. |
| | A) | Conjugation |
| | B) | Fertilization |
| | C) | Cleavage |
| | D) | Development |
| | E) | Differentiation |
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2 | |
______ is cell division without growth. |
| | A) | Conjugation |
| | B) | Fertilization |
| | C) | Cleavage |
| | D) | Development |
| | E) | Differentiation |
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3 | |
In the lancelet, the zygote undergoes cleavage forming a solid ball of cells of uniform size, called a ________. |
| | A) | morula |
| | B) | blastula |
| | C) | gastrula |
| | D) | coelom |
| | E) | neurula |
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4 | |
The ______ is the primitive digestive tract or gut. |
| | A) | ectoderm |
| | B) | endoderm |
| | C) | mesoderm |
| | D) | blastocoel |
| | E) | archenteron |
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5 | |
The third layer to form in gastrulation is the _____________. |
| | A) | ectoderm |
| | B) | endoderm |
| | C) | mesoderm |
| | D) | blastocoel |
| | E) | archenteron |
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6 | |
The development of all organs can be traced to one of the germ layers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | |
Ectoderm cells will become the skeletal and muscular systems. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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8 | |
The nervous system develops from the ____________. |
| | A) | ectoderm |
| | B) | mesoderm |
| | C) | endoderm |
| | D) | portions of all of the above |
| | E) | coelom |
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9 | |
The chick has solved the problem of reproduction on land by providing a great deal of _______. |
| | A) | additional cell cleavage |
| | B) | yolk within a pool of fluid |
| | C) | yolk within a hard shell |
| | D) | water inside the coelom to substitute for the dry environment |
| | E) | water in its bloodstream |
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10 | |
The anterior end of the neural tube develops into the _________. |
| | A) | notochord |
| | B) | heart |
| | C) | brain |
| | D) | gut |
| | E) | gonads |
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11 | |
______ give(s) rise to segmental muscles of the body and also produce(s) the vertebral bones. |
| | A) | The notochord |
| | B) | The archenteron |
| | C) | The neural tube |
| | D) | Somites |
| | E) | The coelom |
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12 | |
The coelom is completely lined by ___________. |
| | A) | ectoderm |
| | B) | mesoderm |
| | C) | endoderm |
| | D) | somites |
| | E) | optic vesicles |
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13 | |
All chordates have an embryo with _________. |
| | A) | a dorsal hollow nerve cord |
| | B) | a notochord |
| | C) | a coelom lined with mesoderm |
| | D) | all of the above |
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14 | |
Development requires __________. |
| | A) | cellular cleavage and fusion |
| | B) | growth, cellular differentiation and morphogenesis |
| | C) | ooplasmic fusion and segregation |
| | D) | neurulation and induction |
| | E) | gastrulation and neurulation |
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15 | |
Cell differentiation occurs when cells become specialized in structure and function. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | |
Differentiation and morphogenesis account for specialization of tissues and formation of organs and determine the shape of the organism. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | |
The cytoplasm of a frog's egg is uniform. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | |
A cell does NOT need the gray crescent to develop into a tadpole. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | |
The formation of the germ layers is probably influenced by environmental factors. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | |
_________ is the ability of one tissue to influence the development of another. |
| | A) | Cleavage |
| | B) | Homeotic gene pattern formation |
| | C) | Ooplasmic segregation |
| | D) | Neurulation |
| | E) | Induction |
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21 | |
The presumptive notochord tissue can cause the tissue under the belly ectoderm to develop into a neural plate. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | |
Direct contact or the production of a chemical acts as a signal that activates certain _____ in neighboring cells and brings about development of particular structures. |
| | A) | signals |
| | B) | ooplasmic segregates |
| | C) | neural folds |
| | D) | cells |
| | E) | induction fibrils |
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23 | |
It is believed that induction stops after neural tube formation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | |
The homeodomain proteins stay in the nucleus and regulate transcription of other genes during development. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | |
_____________ genes are involved in pattern formation and many contain the same sequence of nucleic acids across a wide range of species. |
| | A) | Mutation |
| | B) | Extraembryonic |
| | C) | Homeotic |
| | D) | Recessive |
| | E) | Induced |
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26 | |
Homeotic genes that contain the same particular sequence of nucleotides are called a ______. |
| | A) | chromosome |
| | B) | induction complex |
| | C) | morphogenetic unit |
| | D) | pattern formation |
| | E) | homeobox |
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27 | |
In the chick, the ______ lies next to the shell and carries on gas exchange. |
| | A) | amnion |
| | B) | chorion |
| | C) | allantois |
| | D) | placenta |
| | E) | homeobox |
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28 | |
The ______ collect(s) nitrogenous waste in the chick. |
| | A) | amnion |
| | B) | chorion |
| | C) | extraembryonic membranes |
| | D) | yolk sac |
| | E) | allantois |
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29 | |
The presence of extraembryonic membranes in reptiles made development on land possible. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | |
Extraembryonic membranes are found during the development of humans but not during the development of chicks. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
Embryonic development includes the first __________ of development in humans. |
| | A) | week |
| | B) | two weeks |
| | C) | month |
| | D) | two months |
| | E) | nine months |
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32 | |
In humans, cleavage begins in the _________. |
| | A) | ovary |
| | B) | oviduct |
| | C) | uterus |
| | D) | vagina |
| | E) | early stages of childbirth |
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33 | |
The trophoblast gives rise to the __________. |
| | A) | amnion |
| | B) | chorion |
| | C) | allantois |
| | D) | placenta |
| | E) | neurula |
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34 | |
In the third week, the embryo begins implanting in the wall of the uterus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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35 | |
___________ is the hormone that is the basis for the pregnancy test. |
| | A) | Estrogen |
| | B) | Human chorionic gonadotropic hormone (HCG) |
| | C) | Progesterone |
| | D) | Prostaglandin |
| | E) | Prolactin |
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36 | |
Gastrulation occurs during the second week of embryonic development in humans. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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37 | |
Gastrulation occurs during the second week and the inner cell mass flattens into the _________ composed of ectoderm and endoderm. |
| | A) | gill or lung |
| | B) | neural fold or groove |
| | C) | lungs |
| | D) | embryonic disk |
| | E) | heart |
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38 | |
In humans, the fourth pair of pharyngeal pouches become _________. |
| | A) | tonsils |
| | B) | the thymus gland |
| | C) | parathyroid glands |
| | D) | all of the above |
| | E) | lungs |
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39 | |
The ______ system is the first organ system to be visually evident in human embryonic development. |
| | A) | digestive |
| | B) | circulatory |
| | C) | nervous |
| | D) | musculoskeletal |
| | E) | reproductive |
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40 | |
Development of the heart begins in the ______ week of human embryonic development. |
| | A) | first |
| | B) | third |
| | C) | fifth |
| | D) | ninth |
| | E) | twelfth |
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41 | |
The blood vessels of the allantois become the __________ . |
| | A) | heart |
| | B) | umbilical cord |
| | C) | dorsal aorta and vena cava |
| | D) | placenta |
| | E) | retina |
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42 | |
During the fourth and fifth months, human features--arms and legs, ears, eyes and nose--begin to appear. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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43 | |
Three months after the embryo is fully implanted, the placenta begins to form. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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44 | |
The placenta produces __________. |
| | A) | prolactin |
| | B) | oxytocin |
| | C) | estrogen and progesterone |
| | D) | gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH) |
| | E) | follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
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45 | |
The placenta has a fetal side and a maternal side. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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46 | |
Umbilical arteries carry ______ blood to the placenta. |
| | A) | oxygenated |
| | B) | deoxygenated |
| | C) | mixed maternal and fetal |
| | D) | no |
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47 | |
The fetus receives its oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood by way of _________. |
| | A) | extended respiratory and digestive tubes from the mother's organ systems |
| | B) | mixing fetal and maternal blood in the placenta |
| | C) | the placenta without blood exchange |
| | D) | storage of nutrients in yolk and diffusion of oxygen across the amniotic fluid |
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48 | |
Parturition (labor and expulsion of the fetus) is considered to have ______ stage(s). |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | four |
| | E) | five |
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49 | |
Hormones that cause the uterus to contract are ___________. |
| | A) | estrogen and progesterone |
| | B) | oxytocin and prostaglandins |
| | C) | prolactin and progesterone |
| | D) | FSH and LH |
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50 | |
The placenta is delivered during the second stage of labor. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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51 | |
___________ is another term for milk production. |
| | A) | Suckling reflex |
| | B) | Ovulation |
| | C) | Parturition |
| | D) | Lactation |
| | E) | Menstruation |
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52 | |
______ is the study of aging. |
| | A) | Gerontology |
| | B) | Pediatrics |
| | C) | Demography |
| | D) | Episiotomy |
| | E) | Proctology |
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53 | |
In a menopausal woman, there is plenty of FSH in the bloodstream, but the ovaries do NOT respond. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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54 | |
The cause(s) of aging has/have been attributed to ____________. |
| | A) | genes since cell divisions are limited and vary by species and some people with long-lived parents live longer themselves |
| | B) | a whole body process since tissues decline in function |
| | C) | extrinsic factors such as lack of calcium, a good diet, or exercise |
| | D) | the accumulation of damage from free radicals or unstable molecules |
| | E) | all of the above |
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