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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1

Viruses contain ________.
A)an inner nucleic acid core
B)an outer protein coat
C)both 1 and 2
D)all of the complexity of eukaryotic cells
2

The number of purines in DNA is always double the number of pyrimidines.
A)True
B)False
3

DNA is a polymer of _________.
A)sugars
B)fats
C)amino acids
D)adenosine triphosphates
E)nucleotides
4

A nucleotide is built from how many subunits?
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five
5

A polynucleotide strand has a backbone made of alternating phosphate and sugar molecules.
A)True
B)False
6

The strands in DNA twist about one another forming a __________.
A)straight spiral
B)circular strand of chromatin
C)broken ladder
D)left-ascending staircase
E)double helix
7

The complementary bases in DNA are _________.
A)adenine with thymine
B)guanine with cytosine
C)both 1 and 2
D)cytosine with thymine
E)adenine with guanine
8

DNA is genetic material that _________.
A)replicates
B)undergoes mutations
C)stores information
D)does all of the above
9

DNA has four types of nucleotides because there are ______ different bases.
A)two
B)three
C)four
D)eight
E)23
10

DNA can differ between species because the base pairs can be in any order.
A)True
B)False
11

In DNA, each strand can serve as _________ for the formation of a complementary strand.
A)a perfect model
B)a template
C)an enzyme
D)energy
12

The bonds between the DNA base pairs are strong covalent bonds.
A)True
B)False
13

The enzyme called DNA ______ joins the complementary nucleotides.
A)ligase
B)lipase
C)synthetase
D)polymerase
E)conjugase
14

RNA contains the sugar ______.
A)ligase
B)ribose
C)fructose
D)phosphate-sugar
E)deoxyribose
15

______ occurs in RNA in place of thymine.
A)Adenine
B)Guanine
C)Cytosine
D)Uracil
E)Ribose
16

The DNA formed as a result of replication has two new strands.
A)True
B)False
17

A gene is a section of a DNA molecule that determines the sequence of amino acids in a ______.
A)protein
B)carbohydrate
C)nucleotide
D)nucleic acid
E)ribosome
18

DNA uses RNA to control protein synthesis.
A)True
B)False
19

Transcription is making an RNA molecule that is complementary to a portion of another RNA molecule..
A)True
B)False
20

Following transcription and processing, RNA moves into the cytoplasm.
A)True
B)False
21

Each three-letter unit of an mRNA molecule is called a ______.
A)transposon
B)intron
C)codon
D)interferon
E)exon
22

During translation, the order of the codons in mRNA determines the order of the amino acids in a polypeptide.
A)True
B)False
23

The portions of the gene that are expressed are the _________.
A)transposons
B)introns
C)neurons
D)interferons
E)exons
24

mRNA only contains exons when it leaves the nucleus.
A)True
B)False
25

The enzymes that remove the introns are called _________.
A)polymerase
B)ribozymes
C)intron ligase components
D)transcriptase
E)exon selectors
26

mRNA is transcribed in the cytoplasm.
A)True
B)False
27

Translation requires _______.
A)transfer RNA
B)ribosomal RNA
C)messesnger RNA
D)an enzyme to join amino acids together by means of a peptide bond
E)all of the above
28

Proteins are synthesized at the _______.
A)nucleus
B)ribosomes
C)mitochondria
D)Golgi body
E)plasma membrane
29

Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ______.
A)nucleus
B)endoplasmic reticulum
C)ribosomes
D)mRNA
E)plasma membrane
30

Transfer RNA has a/an ______ complementary to a mRNA codon.
A)anticodon
B)intron
C)codon
D)interferon
E)exon
31

Ribosomal RNA is produced in the _________.
A)ribosome
B)mitochondrion
C)nucleolus
D)Golgi body
E)vacuole
32

Ribosomes are composed of rRNA and many different types of _______.
A)carbohydrates
B)proteins
C)fats
D)sugars
E)nucleic acids
33

The steps in polypeptide synthesis include _________.
A)initiation
B)elongation
C)termination
D)all of the above
34

During translation, a ribosome moves along and "reads" a/an ______ molecule.
A)tRNA
B)rRNA
C)mRNA
D)DNA
35

The order of amino acids in a polypeptide is directly determined by the linear sequence of codons of the ______ .
A)tRNA
B)mRNA
C)rRNA
D)protein
36

Several ribosomes are called a ______.
A)polypeptide
B)ribose
C)deoxyribose
D)polyribosome
E)mRNA molecule
37

Each group of ______ base(s) on DNA stands for an amino acid.
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five
38

Triplet codons in mRNA are complementary to the triplet DNA code.
A)True
B)False
39

The promoter is ___________.
A)a short sequence of DNA where the repressor binds, preventing RNA polymerase from attaching to the promoter
B)a short sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase first attaches when a gene is to be transcribed
C)one to several genes of a metabolic pathway that are transcribed as a unit
D)a gene that codes for a repressor protein
E)any dominant gene
40

Gene mutations always involve loss of genetic information.
A)True
B)False
41

______ are specific DNA sequences that have the ability to move within and between chromosomes.
A)Exons
B)Transposons
C)Introns
D)Operons
42

A/An ______ is used to introduce recombinant DNA into cells.
A)clone
B)PCR machine
C)probe
D)vector
E)antisense molecule
43

______ are small accessory rings of DNA found in bacteria.
A)Plasmids
B)Probes
C)Restriction enzymes
D)GEMs (genetically engineered microbes)
E)Organoids
44

________ is used to produce gene copies in a test tube.
A)Exons and introns
B)Antisense DNA
C)Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
D)Ex vivo therapy
E)Angiogenesis
45

Making recombinant DNA is a process requiring __________.
A)restriction enzyme
B)DNA ligase
C)a vector
D)foreign DNA
E)all of the above
46

______ enzymes cut a DNA molecule into discrete pieces at a distinct cleavage site.
A)DNA ligase
B)Restriction
C)Vector
D)Polymerase
E)Antisense
47

______ seal(s) any breaks in a DNA molecule.
A)Restriction enzymes
B)Polymerase
C)DNA probes
D)Plasmids
E)DNA ligase
48

Transgenic bacteria can produce proteins they never produced before.
A)True
B)False
49

Biotechnology products include __________.
A)insulin
B)human vaccines
C)human growth hormones and clotting factors
D)plants resistant to pests
E)all of the above
50

Biotechnology can produce insulin and growth hormones in quantity from bacteria without harvesting the glands of animals or humans.
A)True
B)False
51

PCR takes its name from DNA ______.
A)primer-copying ribosomes
B)probe complement reaction
C)protein complement reaction
D)DNA polymerase chain reaction
E)production of copies by restriction enzymes
52

PCR provides more copies of a gene than cloning.
A)True
B)False
53

A critical breakthrough that made automated PCR possible was ______.
A)the discovery that bacteria did not use codons
B)a method to convert exons into introns
C)the discovery of a temperature-insensitive stable DNA polymerase in a hot springs bacterium
D)the use of atomic energy to produce the chain reaction
E)smaller test tubes
54

DNA polymerase needs primers to start the replication process.
A)True
B)False
55

PCR can create millions of copies of a single gene in a test tube.
A)True
B)False
56

As a result of cloning __________.
A)multiple copies of a gene may be secured
B)the gene product may be retrieved
C)both multiple genes and gene products are produced
57

A single gene can be copied using PCR.
A)True
B)False
58

When the genome is treated with restriction enzymes, it produces a collection of different-sized sections that can be separated by __________________.
A)PCR
B)restriction enzymes
C)gel electrophoresis
D)cloning
59

Biotechnology medical products include _______.
A)insulin
B)growth hormone
C)tPA (tissue plasminogen activator)
D)hepatitis B vaccine
E)all of the above
60

DNA fingerprinting can only be used on cells from living specimens.
A)True
B)False
61

Transgenic organisms are organisms __________.
A)created completely in the laboratory
B)with a foreign gene inserted in them
C)crossed by the reproduction of animals of two different species
D)suffering from defective genes
E)with their original genes removed and all new foreign genes inserted in them
62

Bioengineered bacteria can be used to promote the health of plants.
A)True
B)False
63

Genetic engineering can improve the ability of oil-eating bacteria.
A)True
B)False
64

Bacteria can be bioengineered to produce phenylalanine.
A)True
B)False
65

Bacteria are being used to "mine" various metals from the ground when the metal is in very low amounts.
A)True
B)False
66

Organisms that receive DNA from sources outside their natural species are called _______.
A)plasmids
B)transgenic
C)organoids
D)clones
E)vectors
67

Bioengineered bacteria __________.
A)clean up pollutants
B)make gene products in huge vats called bioreactors
C)process minerals and produce chemicals
D)provide plants with insect toxins from other organisms
E)do all of the above
68

Bioengineering can alter the phenotype of plants and animals.
A)True
B)False
69

Because animal cells will not take up bacterial plasmids, they cannot be genetically engineered.
A)True
B)False
70

New biotechnology applications, such as corn resistant to insects, are breakthroughs that have been proven to pose no ecological dangers.
A)True
B)False





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