 |
1 | |
The biosphere is composed of ________. |
| | A) | water |
| | B) | land |
| | C) | air |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
2 | |
Global climate, and therefore distribution of biomes, is dependent upon ________. |
| | A) | variations in reception of solar radiation due to a spherical earth |
| | B) | tilt of the earth's axis as it rotates about the sun |
| | C) | distribution of land masses and oceans |
| | D) | topography (landscape) features |
| | E) | all of the above |
|
|
3 | |
The pattern of air currents, with equatorial doldrums and northeast trade winds is caused by ________. |
| | A) | the properties of air alone |
| | B) | simply climate |
| | C) | a combination of solar radiation and ocean currents |
| | D) | uneven heating from solar radiation, and from the earth's rotation |
| | E) | a combination of solar radiation and heat from the earth's internal core |
|
|
4 | |
Features that determine how much rain falls on the various parts of a continent are _______ . |
| | A) | mountain ranges |
| | B) | ocean currents |
| | C) | wind currents |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
5 | |
When moist air moves up a mountain range and loses its moisture, the leeward side is a ______. |
| | A) | doldrum |
| | B) | topographical pattern |
| | C) | tundra |
| | D) | alpine meadow |
| | E) | rain shadow |
|
|
6 | |
The main difference between a tropical rainforest and a savanna is the difference in _________. |
| | A) | soils |
| | B) | animals |
| | C) | temperature |
| | D) | precipitation |
| | E) | continent |
|
|
7 | |
The biosphere can be divided into large biogeographical units called ______. |
| | A) | communities |
| | B) | populations |
| | C) | species |
| | D) | ecosystems |
| | E) | biomes |
|
|
8 | |
Which tundra occurs above the timberline on mountain ranges? |
| | A) | Arctic |
| | B) | alpine |
| | C) | apical |
| | D) | barren |
| | E) | no |
|
|
9 | |
On the Arctic tundra, only the topmost layer of earth thaws; the ______ beneath this layer is always frozen. |
| | A) | permafrost |
| | B) | subsoil |
| | C) | vegetation |
| | D) | aquifer |
|
|
10 | |
Large trees are NOT found in the tundra because ________. |
| | A) | the growing season is too short |
| | B) | their roots cannot penetrate the permafrost |
| | C) | they cannot become anchored in the boggy soil of summer |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
11 | |
The mouse-like lemming stays beneath the snow to survive winter on the tundra. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
12 | |
The treeless biome includes ________. |
| | A) | tundra |
| | B) | desert |
| | C) | grasslands |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
13 | |
The taiga is a ______ forest. |
| | A) | partial |
| | B) | rain |
| | C) | tundra |
| | D) | coniferous |
| | E) | temperate deciduous |
|
|
14 | |
The ground cover usually found in the taiga is __________. |
| | A) | lichens and mosses |
| | B) | grass and tall weeds |
| | C) | ferns and a thick understory of trees |
| | D) | acacia shrubs |
| | E) | dead leaves |
|
|
15 | |
Temperate forests are found in |
| | A) | eastern North America |
| | B) | most of Europe |
| | C) | eastern Asia |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
16 | |
The trees found in temperate forests include _________. |
| | A) | oak, beech and maple |
| | B) | broad-leafed evergreens |
| | C) | pine, fir and redwoods |
| | D) | eucalyptus and acacia |
| | E) | cottonwoods and pines |
|
|
17 | |
The broad-leaved trees of the temperate forest are termed ______ . |
| | A) | coniferous because they bear cones |
| | B) | savanna |
| | C) | acacia |
| | D) | monoculture because they are so uniform |
| | E) | deciduous because they are shed annually |
|
|
18 | |
The tropical rain forests occur in ________. |
| | A) | South America |
| | B) | Africa |
| | C) | the Indo-Malayan region near the equator |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
19 | |
The minimum rainfall in the tropical rain forests is 9 cm per year. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
20 | |
______ encircle the tall trees in the tropical rain forests to strengthen the trunk. |
| | A) | Grass and tall weeds |
| | B) | Lianas |
| | C) | Succulents |
| | D) | Acacia |
| | E) | Lichens and mosses |
|
|
21 | |
Tropical rain forests occur where rain is most plentiful. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
22 | |
Most animals in the tropical rain forests live in the trees. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
23 | |
______ are air plants that grow on other plants but do NOT parasitize them. |
| | A) | Taiga |
| | B) | Chaparral |
| | C) | Epiphytes |
| | D) | Savanna |
| | E) | Succulents |
|
|
24 | |
The most common epiphytes are related to _______. |
| | A) | pineapples, orchids and ferns |
| | B) | bananas and papaya |
| | C) | acacia and redbud |
| | D) | poison ivy and Boston ivy |
| | E) | holly and mistletoe |
|
|
25 | |
The dense scrubland found in California and elsewhere between 30 and 40 degrees latitude is called ______. |
| | A) | steppe |
| | B) | chaparral |
| | C) | conifers |
| | D) | tundra |
| | E) | taiga |
|
|
26 | |
Grasslands occur where rainfall is greater than 25 cm per year, but is generally insufficient to support trees. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
27 | |
Which biome supports the greatest variety and number of large herbivores? |
| | A) | chaparral |
| | B) | taiga |
| | C) | African savanna |
| | D) | temperate deciduous forest |
| | E) | tropical rainforest |
|
|
28 | |
The flat-topped acacia, found in the African savanna, needs little water because________. |
| | A) | it has water-storing leaves |
| | B) | it sheds its leaves during a drought |
| | C) | it is a very small plant |
| | D) | it does not carry on photosynthesis |
| | E) | it has immensely long roots that seek out underground water |
|
|
29 | |
Deserts occur in regions where annual rainfall is less than ______. |
| | A) | 10 cm |
| | B) | 25 cm |
| | C) | 35 cm |
| | D) | 50 cm |
| | E) | 400 cm |
|
|
30 | |
Desert nights are cold because heat escapes easily into the ______. |
| | A) | soil |
| | B) | water |
| | C) | atmosphere |
| | D) | rocks |
| | E) | animals |
|
|
31 | |
Most deserts have little or no lasting vegetation, but have a variety of plants when surveyed across wet periods. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
32 | |
A characteristic of cacti is__________. |
| | A) | stems store water |
| | B) | stems carry on photosynthesis |
| | C) | spines protect the limited water and tissue of a cactus |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
33 | |
Reptiles are the most characteristic group of vertebrates found in the desert. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
34 | |
The sun's rays cause the water ______. |
| | A) | to precipitate |
| | B) | biomes |
| | C) | to evaporate |
| | D) | eutrophication |
| | E) | layering |
|
|
35 | |
The types of aquatic communities are ________. |
| | A) | freshwater and saltwater communities |
| | B) | lakes and ponds |
| | C) | shallow and deep water communities |
| | D) | clean and polluted communities |
| | E) | small fishless communities and communities large enough to support fish populations |
|
|
36 | |
The most highly productive community below would be __________. |
| | A) | benthic ocean |
| | B) | pelagic ocean |
| | C) | lakes and ponds |
| | D) | coral reefs and estuaries |
| | E) | all of the above would be approximately equal |
|
|
37 | |
Freshwater communities can be classified by nutrient status into ________. |
| | A) | lakes and ponds |
| | B) | salt and freshwater |
| | C) | rivers and streams |
| | D) | oligotrophic and eutrophic |
| | E) | clean and polluted |
|
|
38 | |
The spring and fall overturn are due to ____________. |
| | A) | the epilimnion is always heavier than the hypolimnion |
| | B) | the hypolimnion is always heavier than the epilimnion |
| | C) | seasonal changes in plankton and animal activity |
| | D) | oligotrophic processes end and eutrophic processes begin |
| | E) | cold water sinking but ice floating |
|
|
39 | |
______ are microscopic organisms that float in the water. |
| | A) | Plankton |
| | B) | Estuaries |
| | C) | Reef organisms |
| | D) | Seaweeds |
| | E) | Byssus threads |
|
|
40 | |
The zooplankton are ____________. |
| | A) | plants that float and carry out photosynthesis |
| | B) | plants that feed on phytoplankton |
| | C) | animals that feed on phytoplankton |
| | D) | preserved marine specimens that scientists study |
| | E) | the macroscopic organisms that float in water |
|
|
41 | |
The place where a river empties into the sea is called a(n) ______. |
| | A) | seashore |
| | B) | reef |
| | C) | estuary |
| | D) | intertidal zone |
| | E) | benthic division |
|
|
42 | |
Estuaries are the nurseries of the sea because they provide protection and nutrients to immature marine animals. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
43 | |
The divisions of the open ocean include ________ divisions. |
| | A) | the pelagic and benthic |
| | B) | the photosynthetic and hydrothermal |
| | C) | the abyssal, bathypelagic, mesopelagic, and epipelagic |
| | D) | epilimnion and hypolimnion |
| | E) | all of the above |
|
|
44 | |
Only the abyssal zone is brightly lit. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
45 | |
The ______ ocean zone is in complete darkness except for an occasional flash of bioluminescent light. |
| | A) | mesopelagic |
| | B) | bathypelagic |
| | C) | epipelagic |
| | D) | estuarine |
|
|
46 | |
Animals in the mesopelagic ocean zone are carnivores adapted to the absence of light. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
47 | |
Sea cucumbers and sea urchins live on ______, organic matter that floats down from the waters above. |
| | A) | fish they can catch |
| | B) | the rain of debris or detritus |
| | C) | zooplankton |
| | D) | phytoplankton |
|
|
48 | |
Many organisms of the abyssal zone are dependent upon debris that floats down from above. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
49 | |
Organisms at hydrothermal vents are dependent on food chains that ultimately draw their energy from __________. |
| | A) | fish |
| | B) | the rain of debris or detritus |
| | C) | bacteria that utilize chemical energy from oxidizing hydrogen sulfide |
| | D) | photosynthesis |
| | E) | coal and other fossil fuels |
|