7.1 Overview of Cellular Respiration

• During cellular respiration, the oxidation of glucose drives the synthesis of ATP molecules.
• NAD⁺ and FAD are coenzymes which carry electrons in redox reactions.
• The breakdown of glucose requires four phases: three metabolic pathways and one individual reaction.

1. How efficient is the conversion of energy in glucose to energy in ATP as a result of cellular respiration?
   Answer
   
2. What is the role of NAD⁺ and FAD in cellular respiration?
   Answer
   

Essential Study Partner
    Introduction
    Respiration

7.2 Outside the Mitochondria: Glycolysis

• Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that partially breaks down glucose outside the mitochondria.
• During glycolysis, glucose is oxidized to molecules of pyruvic acid.

1. Why must there be an energy investment at the start of glycolysis?
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2. How is ATP formed during glycolysis?
   Answer
   

Essential Study Partner
    Glycolysis

Art Quizzes
    Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
    Pyruvate Pathways

7.3 Inside the Mitochondria

• The preparatory reaction and the citric acid cycle, which occur inside the mitochondria, continue the oxidation of glucose products until carbon dioxide is given off.
• The electron transport chain, which receives electrons from NAD⁺ and FAD, produces most of the ATP during cellular respiration.
• Oxygen, the final acceptor of electrons from the electron transport chain, is reduced to water.

1. Summarize the events of the citric acid cycle.
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2. In the electron transport chain, how is ATP formed differently than it is during glycolysis and during the citric acid cycle?
   Answer
   

Essential Study Partner
    Preparation
    Krebs Cycle
    Electron Transport

Art Quizzes
    Overview of ATP Synthesis
    ATP Theoretical Yield

Animation Quiz
    Electron Transport Chain and ATP Production

Explorations
    Oxidative Respiration

Labeling Exercises
Aerobic Cellular Respiration (29.0K)
Organization of Cristae (51.0K)

7.4 Fermentation

• Fermentation is a metabolic pathway that partially breaks down glucose under anaerobic conditions.

1. Why do cells sometimes turn to fermentation after glycolysis?
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2. What is oxygen debt?
   Answer
   

Essential Study Partner
    Fermentation

7.5 Metabolism

• A number of molecules in addition to glucose can be broken down to drive ATP synthesis.

1. Explain the metabolic pool concept.
   Answer
   

Essential Study Partner
    Other Nutrients

Art Quiz
    Catabolism of Proteins and Fats