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1 | |
Which of the following organisms do NOT carry on photosynthesis? |
| | A) | plants |
| | B) | algae |
| | C) | some bacteria |
| | D) | animals |
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2 | |
Solar or radiant energy is involved in life because _______. |
| | A) | plants depend upon sunlight to synthesize food by photosynthesis |
| | B) | plants and herbivores directly depend on the food energy generated by photosynthesis; carnivores and omnivores eventually trace their food source back to plants |
| | C) | plant bodies became fossil fuels |
| | D) | sunlight heats the earth's surface and provides the physical conditions for life |
| | E) | all of the above are ways in which life is dependent upon the sun |
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3 | |
The correct description of the relationship between photosynthesis and the living world is |
| | A) | herbivores, carnivores and omnivores are autotrophs since they can "eat for themselves." |
| | B) | heterotrophs are called "hetero" because they change sunlight energy into chemical energy. |
| | C) | all heterotrophs are ultimately dependent upon food produced by autotrophs. |
| | D) | herbivores are autotrophs, carnivores are heterotrophs, and omnivores are half autotrophs and half heterotrophs. |
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4 | |
The electromagnetic spectrum contains_____. |
| | A) | only visible wavelengths of light, from violet to red |
| | B) | magnetic energy dispersed from north to south |
| | C) | electrical energy dispersed from positive to negative charges |
| | D) | energy from gamma radiation to radio waves, with visible light in between |
| | E) | chlorophylls and carotenoids |
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5 | |
A large amount of solar radiation hits the earth's upper atmosphere. Which of the following statements is correct? |
| | A) | Most of this radiation is within the visible-light range. |
| | B) | High energy wavelengths are screened out by the ozone layer in the atmosphere. |
| | C) | Low energy wavelengths are screened out by water vapor and carbon dioxide. |
| | D) | Less than half the solar radiation hits the earth's surface. |
| | E) | All of the above are true. |
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6 | |
On the visible spectrum, energy content of light is greatest for ________. |
| | A) | red light |
| | B) | yellow light |
| | C) | green light |
| | D) | violet light |
| | E) | All colors contain the same amount of light energy. |
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7 | |
As leaves lose their color in the fall, carotenoids are the pigments that account for fall color. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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8 | |
The chlorophyll pigments give tomatoes and carrots their color. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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9 | |
Plants and some algae carry on photosynthesis within ______. |
| | A) | chloroplasts |
| | B) | mitochondria |
| | C) | lysosomes |
| | D) | the Golgi apparatus |
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10 | |
Thylakoids and grana are found within organelles called ______. |
| | A) | chloroplasts |
| | B) | mitochondria |
| | C) | lysosomes |
| | D) | the Golgi apparatus |
| | E) | the rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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11 | |
The membranous system of flattened sacs within the stroma are ______. |
| | A) | metabolic pools |
| | B) | matrix |
| | C) | cristae |
| | D) | stroma |
| | E) | thylakoids |
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12 | |
Stacks of membranous compartments within the chloroplast are called ______. |
| | A) | thylakoids |
| | B) | grana |
| | C) | stroma |
| | D) | cristae |
| | E) | matrix |
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13 | |
Green plant chlorophyll is found within the ______. |
| | A) | matrix |
| | B) | cristae |
| | C) | stroma |
| | D) | thylakoid space |
| | E) | thylakoid membranes |
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14 | |
The fluid-filled space surrounding the grana is called the ______. |
| | A) | matrix |
| | B) | cristae |
| | C) | stroma |
| | D) | thylakoid space |
| | E) | intermitochondrial space |
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15 | |
Which type of reactions begin after the thylakoids absorb solar energy? |
| | A) | light-dependent reactions |
| | B) | light-independent reactions |
| | C) | glycolysis |
| | D) | Krebs cycle |
| | E) | fermentation |
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16 | |
The ability of plants, algae, and a few kinds of bacteria to make their own food in the presence of sunlight is called ______. |
| | A) | cellular respiration |
| | B) | fermentation |
| | C) | photosynthesis |
| | D) | light-dependent reactions |
| | E) | light-independent reactions |
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17 | |
Which of the following molecules is produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis and used in the light-independent reactions? |
| | A) | oxygen and glucose |
| | B) | carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP |
| | C) | oxygen, NADPH, and ATP |
| | D) | NADPH and ATP |
| | E) | NADH and ATP |
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18 | |
NADPH and ATP are used in the ______ reactions of photosynthesis. |
| | A) | light-dependent |
| | B) | light-independent |
| | C) | glycolytic |
| | D) | Krebs cycle |
| | E) | fermentation |
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19 | |
Which type of photosynthetic reaction will involve the splitting of water and the release of oxygen? |
| | A) | cyclic electron pathway |
| | B) | noncyclic electron pathway |
| | C) | glycolysis |
| | D) | Krebs cycle |
| | E) | fermentation |
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20 | |
In which photosynthetic reaction is carbon dioxide reduced to form a carbohydrate? |
| | A) | light-dependent |
| | B) | light-independent |
| | C) | glycolytic |
| | D) | Krebs cycle |
| | E) | fermentation |
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21 | |
If light were maximally absorbed by a photosynthetic system, what would be the effect on the rate of photosynthesis if the temperature were increased? |
| | A) | The rate of photosynthesis would remain the same. |
| | B) | The rate of photosynthesis would decrease. |
| | C) | The rate of photosynthesis would increase. |
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22 | |
The thylakoid membrane contains enzymes that participate in photosynthesis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | |
Electrons in the reaction-center chlorophyll molecule become so excited that they escape and move to a nearby electron-acceptor molecule. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | |
Photosynthesis involves two sets of reactions known as the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | |
Solar energy is passed from one pigment to the other until it is concentrated into one particular ______ molecule, the reaction-center chlorophyll. |
| | A) | red carotenoid |
| | B) | orange carotenoid |
| | C) | yellow carotenoid |
| | D) | chlorophyll a |
| | E) | chlorophyll b |
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26 | |
Excited electrons leave the Photosystem I reaction-center chlorophyll and are taken up by an electron acceptor, which passes them down an electron transport system before they return to Photosystem I. This pathway is called the ______. |
| | A) | glycolysis reactions |
| | B) | Krebs cycle |
| | C) | light-dependent reactions |
| | D) | noncyclic electron pathway |
| | E) | cyclic electron pathway |
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27 | |
Which of the following pathways in photosynthesis will produce only ATP but NOT NADPH? |
| | A) | glycolysis |
| | B) | Krebs cycle |
| | C) | cyclic electron pathway |
| | D) | noncyclic electron pathway |
| | E) | light-independent pathway |
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28 | |
Which of the following pathways in photosynthesis will produce both ATP and NADPH? |
| | A) | glycolysis |
| | B) | Krebs cycle |
| | C) | cyclic electron pathway |
| | D) | noncyclic electron pathway |
| | E) | light-independent pathway |
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29 | |
The ______ moves electrons from carrier to carrier, and energy is released and stored for ATP production. |
| | A) | NADPH |
| | B) | NADP |
| | C) | Photosystem I |
| | D) | Photosystem II |
| | E) | electron transport system |
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30 | |
What is the role of the electron transport system in the light-dependent pathway of photosynthesis? |
| | A) | production of carbon dioxide and water molecules |
| | B) | production of NADPH molecules |
| | C) | production of oxygen molecules |
| | D) | production of glucose molecules |
| | E) | production of electrons |
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31 | |
Which photosynthetic pathway probably evolved early in the history of life? |
| | A) | light-independent reactions |
| | B) | cyclic electron pathway |
| | C) | noncyclic electron pathway |
| | D) | glycolysis |
| | E) | Krebs cycle |
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32 | |
Which of the following pathways will split water? |
| | A) | electron transport pathway |
| | B) | cyclic electron pathway |
| | C) | noncyclic pattern pathway |
| | D) | light-independent reactions |
| | E) | Krebs cycle |
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33 | |
Which of the following pathways will produce oxygen during photosynthesis? |
| | A) | electron transport pathway |
| | B) | cyclic electron pathway |
| | C) | noncyclic electron pathway |
| | D) | light-independent reactions |
| | E) | Krebs cycle |
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34 | |
Which of the following molecules will be used to form oxygen during photosynthesis? |
| | A) | pyruvate |
| | B) | PGAL |
| | C) | glucose |
| | D) | carbon dioxide |
| | E) | water |
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35 | |
Which of the following molecules is NOT produced during the noncyclic electron pathway? |
| | A) | ATP |
| | B) | NADPH |
| | C) | oxygen |
| | D) | glucose |
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36 | |
Which molecule transports hydrogen from the light-dependent reactions to the light-independent reactions? |
| | A) | NADP |
| | B) | NAD |
| | C) | cytochrome |
| | D) | water |
| | E) | PS II |
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37 | |
Which pathway utilizes both Photosystem I and Photosystem II? |
| | A) | fermentation |
| | B) | Krebs cycle |
| | C) | light-independent reactions |
| | D) | cyclic electron pathway |
| | E) | noncyclic electron pathway |
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38 | |
Which pathway will use electrons that come from the splitting of water? |
| | A) | cyclic electron pathway |
| | B) | noncyclic electron pathway |
| | C) | electron transport system |
| | D) | glycolysis |
| | E) | Krebs cycle |
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39 | |
Which pathway in photosynthesis does NOT depend upon solar energy? |
| | A) | cyclic electron pathway |
| | B) | noncyclic electron pathway |
| | C) | Calvin cycle |
| | D) | Krebs cycle |
| | E) | glycolysis |
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40 | |
The flow of hydrogen ions down the electrochemical gradient through a channel in the thylakoid membrane provides the energy for ATP production. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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41 | |
NADPH and ATP are produced in the ______. |
| | A) | matrix of the mitochondria |
| | B) | cristae of the mitochondria |
| | C) | stroma of the chloroplast |
| | D) | thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast |
| | E) | cytoplasm of the plant cell |
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42 | |
What is the reservoir for hydrogen ions during photosynthesis? |
| | A) | thylakoid membranes |
| | B) | thylakoid space |
| | C) | stroma |
| | D) | cristae |
| | E) | matrix |
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43 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about chemiosmotic ATP synthesis in the chloroplast? |
| | A) | The thylakoid space acts as a reservoir for hydrogen ions. |
| | B) | There is a large number of hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space compared to the number in the stroma. |
| | C) | Hydrogen ions diffuse through special channels called ATP synthase complex. |
| | D) | ATP synthase complex splits ATP into ADP plus phosphate. |
| | E) | Hydrogen ions flow down their electrochemical gradient through the ATP synthase complex. |
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44 | |
ATP synthase complex is found within the ______. |
| | A) | thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast |
| | B) | thylakoid space of the chloroplast |
| | C) | stroma of the chloroplast |
| | D) | matrix of the mitochondrion |
| | E) | outer membrane of the mitochondrion |
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45 | |
Which of the following statements about the light-independent reactions is NOT correct? |
| | A) | The light-independent reactions occur in the stroma of the chloroplast. |
| | B) | NADPH and ATP from the light-dependent reactions are used. |
| | C) | Carbon dioxide is oxidized to form a carbohydrate. |
| | D) | The light-independent reactions do not require light, but they are most likely to occur during the day. |
| | E) | The light-independent reactions are also named after one of the individuals instrumental in discovering the reactions. |
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46 | |
More hydrogen ions are found outside the thylakoid space (in the stroma) than within the thylakoid space. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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47 | |
The reduction of carbon dioxide to form a carbohydrate occurs in the ______. |
| | A) | cristae of the mitochondrion |
| | B) | thylakoids of the mitochondrion |
| | C) | thylakoids of the chloroplast |
| | D) | stroma of the mitochondrion |
| | E) | stroma of the chloroplast |
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48 | |
Which metabolic pathway will produce carbohydrate? |
| | A) | cyclic electron pathway |
| | B) | noncyclic electron pathway |
| | C) | glycolysis |
| | D) | Calvin cycle |
| | E) | Krebs cycle |
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49 | |
Which of the following stages is NOT part of the Calvin cycle? |
| | A) | carbon dioxide fixation |
| | B) | carbon dioxide reduction |
| | C) | carbon dioxide release |
| | D) | RuBP regeneration |
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50 | |
The enzyme ______ combines RuBP with carbon dioxide during the first stage of the Calvin cycle. |
| | A) | catalase |
| | B) | RuBP carboxylase |
| | C) | RuBP dehydrogenase |
| | D) | alcohol dehydrogenase |
| | E) | ATP synthase |
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51 | |
What is the first detectable molecule in the Calvin cycle after carbon dioxide fixation? |
| | A) | PGA |
| | B) | PGAL |
| | C) | RuBP |
| | D) | glucose |
| | E) | glucose phosphate |
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52 | |
Which of the following reactions in the Calvin cycle use both the NADPH and ATP from the light-dependent reactions? |
| | A) | PGAL --> fructose phosphate --> glucose phosphate |
| | B) | PGAL --> RuBP |
| | C) | CO2 + RuBP --> C6 |
| | D) | PGAL --> PGA |
| | E) | PGA --> PGAL |
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53 | |
Which stage of the Calvin cycle will require both ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions? |
| | A) | carbon dioxide fixation |
| | B) | carbon dioxide reduction |
| | C) | regeneration of RuBP |
| | D) | cyclic electron pathway |
| | E) | noncyclic electron pathway |
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54 | |
Five molecules of PGAL are used to re-form ______ molecule(s) of RuBP. |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 2 |
| | C) | 3 |
| | D) | 4 |
| | E) | 5 |
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55 | |
Which molecule represents the end product of the Calvin cycle? |
| | A) | PGA |
| | B) | PGAL |
| | C) | glucose phosphate |
| | D) | RuBP |
| | E) | ADP + NADP |
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56 | |
Which of the following comparisons is NOT correct? |
| | A) | chloroplast--double membrane organelle |
| | B) | mitochondrion--double membrane organelle |
| | C) | matrix of mitochondrion--location of glycolysis |
| | D) | matrix of mitochondrion--location of Krebs cycle |
| | E) | cristae of mitochondrion--location of the electron transport system |
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57 | |
RuBP carboxylase is perhaps the most abundant protein on earth. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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58 | |
C3 photosynthesis gains its name because |
| | A) | it produces a three-carbon final sugar product. |
| | B) | it was discovered by Calvin, Cory and Clarke. |
| | C) | a C3 molecule is detected immediately following CO2 fixation. |
| | D) | it was discovered in corn, cucumber and carrots. |
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59 | |
C4 plants differ from C3 plants because they |
| | A) | produce a four-carbon final sugar product. |
| | B) | require four times the solar energy to produce a sugar molecule. |
| | C) | form a C4 molecule prior to entering the Calvin cycle. |
| | D) | run photosynthesis at night when water loss through stomata is minimized. |
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60 | |
CAM plants differ from C3 plants because they |
| | A) | produce a carbon-and-monosaccharide (CAM) sugar product. |
| | B) | lack a light-independent cycle. |
| | C) | form a C3 molecule prior to entering the Calvin cycle. |
| | D) | fix CO2 by forming a C4 molecule at night when water loss through stomata is minimized. |
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61 | |
Wheat, rice and oat plants represent _____ plants. |
| | A) | C3 |
| | B) | CAM |
| | C) | C4 |
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62 | |
Sugarcane and corn represent _____ plants. |
| | A) | C3 |
| | B) | CAM |
| | C) | C4 |
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63 | |
Cacti and many desert plants are _____ plants. |
| | A) | C3 |
| | B) | CAM |
| | C) | C4 |
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64 | |
It would be most advantageous for a desert plant to have _____. |
| | A) | CO2 delivered to the Calvin cycle in the bundle sheath cells. |
| | B) | stomates closed during the hot time of day. |
| | C) | carbon dioxide fixation in mesophyll cells and Calvin cycle in bundle sheath cells. |
| | D) | All of the above would be advantageous strategies to a plant in hot, arid conditions. |
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65 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT correct? |
| | A) | Both photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration occur in plant cells but only aerobic cellular respiration occurs in animal cells. |
| | B) | Both photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration occur during the daylight hours, but only aerobic cellular respiration occurs at night. |
| | C) | During the daylight hours, the rate of photosynthesis is less than the rate of aerobic cellular respiration, resulting in a net decrease of glucose. |
| | D) | Both photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration make use of an electron transport system located in membranes to generate a supply of ATP. |
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66 | |
Which of the following comparisons of aerobic cellular respiration versus photosynthesis is NOT correct? |
| | A) | Mitochondrion-Chloroplast |
| | B) | Oxidation-Reduction |
| | C) | Releases energy-Requires energy |
| | D) | Releases CO2-Requires CO2 |
| | E) | Releases oxygen-Requires oxygen |
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67 | |
Which of the following comparisons of aerobic cellular respiration versus photosynthesis is NOT correct? |
| | A) | Mitochondrion-Chloroplast |
| | B) | Reduction-Oxidation |
| | C) | Releases energy-Requires energy |
| | D) | Releases CO2-Requires CO2 |
| | E) | O2 -----> H2O-H2O -----> O2 |
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68 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about photosynthesis? |
| | A) | Photosynthesis occurs within the chloroplast. |
| | B) | During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced. |
| | C) | During photosynthesis, oxygen is released. |
| | D) | During photosynthesis, the hydrogen carrier is NAD. |
| | E) | During photosynthesis, solar energy is used. |
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