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1 | |
A _______ approach is a teacher-centered approach to education that is characterized by teacher direction and control, mastery of academic skills, high expectations for students' progress, and maximum time spent on learning tasks. |
| | A) | direct instruction |
| | B) | cognitive constructivist |
| | C) | social constructivist |
| | D) | behavioral |
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2 | |
_______ theory is an example of a social constructivist approach to education. |
| | A) | Piaget's |
| | B) | Vygotsky's |
| | C) | Watson's |
| | D) | Elkind's |
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3 | |
A criticism of the direct instruction approach is that it: |
| | A) | does not give enough attention to the content of a discipline. |
| | B) | is too relativistic and vague. |
| | C) | excessively stresses critical thinking and creativity. |
| | D) | turns children into passive learners. |
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4 | |
Which of the following factors is NOT one of the learner-centered principles? |
| | A) | cognitive and metacognitive |
| | B) | behavioral |
| | C) | motivational and affective |
| | D) | individual differences |
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5 | |
Pablo is attending a child-centered kindergarten, so we would expect to see all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | instruction organized around Pablo's needs, interests, and learning style. |
| | B) | an emphasis on the process of what Pablo is learning. |
| | C) | an emphasis on what Pablo learns. |
| | D) | play as an important aspect of Pablo's development. |
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6 | |
An instructor who uses developmentally inappropriate methods for teaching the alphabet would: |
| | A) | have the children recite the alphabet three times a day every day. |
| | B) | use music to teach the alphabet. |
| | C) | use animal names and shapes to teach the alphabet. |
| | D) | use the sandbox to let children draw the letters of the alphabet. |
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7 | |
Because Antonio is attending a school that has adopted the Reggio Emilia approach to education, we would expect him to be encouraged to learn by: |
| | A) | memorizing such things as the alphabet and the multiplication tables. |
| | B) | structuring his thought processes. |
| | C) | investigating and exploring topics that interest him. |
| | D) | incorporating his family into his educational process. |
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8 | |
Project Head Start was designed to: |
| | A) | provide low-income children a chance to acquire skills that would help them succeed at school. |
| | B) | assess the advantages and disadvantages of preschool educational programs. |
| | C) | give parents an educational day care center. |
| | D) | determine the feasibility of starting formal education at an earlier age. |
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9 | |
A trend in adolescent development that has formulated the creation of middle schools is: |
| | A) | an increase in formal operational thinking among early adolescents. |
| | B) | the appearance of greater autonomy from adults. |
| | C) | the earlier onset of puberty in recent decades. |
| | D) | the fact that today's teens spend more time with peers than with parents or adults. |
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10 | |
Students experiencing the top-dog phenomenon are most likely to exhibit: |
| | A) | high achievement motivation. |
| | B) | lowered satisfaction with school. |
| | C) | good relations with peers. |
| | D) | power over other students. |
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11 | |
Joan Lipsitz (1984) said that the common thread among schools that have been successful in diminishing the trauma often associated with the middle-school experience is that they all emphasized: |
| | A) | gender equity. |
| | B) | curricular flexibility. |
| | C) | discipline. |
| | D) | the importance of high academic standards. |
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12 | |
The Carnegie Corporation (1989) recommendations for improving middle schools in the United States included all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | lower the student-to-counselor ratios to 10:1. |
| | B) | get parents involved. |
| | C) | integrate physical health into the curriculum. |
| | D) | promote continuity by keeping all class sessions the same length. |
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13 | |
Which is the only country in the world in which sports are an integral part of the public school system? |
| | A) | the United States |
| | B) | Russia |
| | C) | Japan |
| | D) | Brazil |
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14 | |
In what way does the move from high school to college differ from that of elementary school to junior high school? |
| | A) | Junior high school students are more likely to experience the top-dog phenomenon than are college freshmen. |
| | B) | College freshmen experience increased achievement pressure, but junior high school students do not. |
| | C) | College freshmen have more opportunities to explore lifestyles than junior high school students. |
| | D) | Junior high school students generally find their academic work more challenging than do college freshmen. |
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15 | |
Compared to their 1980s counterparts, college students today indicate that they feel: |
| | A) | more excited about their opportunities. |
| | B) | more depressed. |
| | C) | less prepared for college. |
| | D) | more focused on financial rewards. |
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16 | |
The text has noted that one reason older adults return to school is to: |
| | A) | update their skills. |
| | B) | learn more about aging. |
| | C) | learn more effective cognitive and social-coping skills. |
| | D) | communicate with their grandchildren. |
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17 | |
The most common disability among school children in the United States is: |
| | A) | visual impairment. |
| | B) | learning disabilities. |
| | C) | mental retardation. |
| | D) | speech handicaps. |
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18 | |
Jason, a second-grader, has no trouble with math, science, or art, but he cannot spell, read, or write. Jason is likely to be found to have: |
| | A) | a vision impairment. |
| | B) | a speech handicap. |
| | C) | a learning disability. |
| | D) | an attention deficit. |
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19 | |
Tyisha suffers from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). She is most likely to be experiencing all of the following symptoms, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | she has a short attention span. |
| | B) | she engages in high levels of physical activity. |
| | C) | her intelligence is below normal for her age. |
| | D) | she is extremely impulsive. |
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20 | |
Which of the following class of drugs is most likely to be given to a child to control attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? |
| | A) | stimulants |
| | B) | depressants |
| | C) | tranquilizers |
| | D) | relaxants |
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21 | |
In 1983, Public Law 94-142 was renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This act requires that students with disabilities have: |
| | A) | special classrooms to enhance their education. |
| | B) | funding for special education. |
| | C) | an individualized education plan. |
| | D) | tutors or aides to assist them. |
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22 | |
Today, the term inclusion means educating a child with: |
| | A) | disabilities in the regular classroom. |
| | B) | special education needs full-time in the general school program. |
| | C) | special education needs partially in a special education classroom, partially in a regular classroom. |
| | D) | disabilities in the least restrictive environment possible. |
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23 | |
Research by Jonathan Kozol (1991) found that many inner-city schools: |
| | A) | are receiving funds to increase the quality of education for inner-city youth. |
| | B) | have done an excellent job of integrating students from diverse backgrounds. |
| | C) | do not provide adequate opportunities for children to learn effectively. |
| | D) | are where the older teachers about to retire get placed. |
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24 | |
John Santrock (2001) suggests that teachers use all of the following strategies to improve relations between ethnically diverse students, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | turn the class into a jigsaw classroom. |
| | B) | teach students the harmful effects of segregation. |
| | C) | view the school and community as a team. |
| | D) | be a competent cultural mediator. |
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25 | |
Calvin wants to believe that he is doing well in his computer class because of his own desire to learn computers and the enjoyment he gets from learning, not because of any external rewards. Calvin is demonstrating _______ motivation. |
| | A) | extrinsic |
| | B) | intrinsic |
| | C) | external |
| | D) | internal |
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26 | |
Research on the use of rewards has shown all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | rewards can undermine learning. |
| | B) | rewards can be useful for enhancing learning. |
| | C) | rewards that convey information about mastery can increase intrinsic motivation. |
| | D) | negative feedback can increase intrinsic motivation. |
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27 | |
Jacquelynne Eccles (2000) explains the decline in intrinsic motivation as students move from elementary school to middle and junior high schools by using the concept of: |
| | A) | person-environment fit. |
| | B) | the top-dog phenomenon. |
| | C) | bureaucratic interactions. |
| | D) | flow. |
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28 | |
Juan tries to discover the underlying causes of his own and other people's behavior in an effort to make sense of that behavior, which is accounted for by which theory? |
| | A) | self-efficacy |
| | B) | attribution |
| | C) | social cognitive |
| | D) | behavioral |
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29 | |
Sun expends a great deal of effort eagerly working on learning tasks, and he persists for a long time on these tasks. According to Dale Schunk's (1989, 1991) findings on student achievement, Sun is high in: |
| | A) | self-esteem. |
| | B) | self-regulation. |
| | C) | self-control. |
| | D) | self-efficacy. |
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30 | |
Which of the following students is most likely to improve her achievement? |
| | A) | Zoe, who says she wants to be successful. |
| | B) | Yentl, who says she wants to be popular. |
| | C) | Xaviera, who says she wants to make the cheerleading squad. |
| | D) | Wanda, who says she wants to be extraordinarily rich. |
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31 | |
In Stevenson's research comparing students in the United States with students in Asian countries, he found that: |
| | A) | students in the United States scored higher on math than students in Taiwan. |
| | B) | American teachers spent more of their time teaching math than did the Asian teachers. |
| | C) | students in the United States spent more time in school than their Asian counterparts. |
| | D) | Asian parents were more likely than American parents to help their children with their math homework. |
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32 | |
Based on the research, who is most likely to have the lowest achievement motivation? |
| | A) | Karen, the African-American daughter of a lawyer and an obstetrician. |
| | B) | Lim, the Asian-American son of computer graphics designers. |
| | C) | Martin, the Mexican-American son of a judge and a housewife. |
| | D) | Naomi, the Anglo-American daughter of a store clerk and a domestic service worker. |
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33 | |
According to John Holland, the person with a conventional personality is most likely to be: |
| | A) | a bank teller. |
| | B) | an artist. |
| | C) | a social worker. |
| | D) | a carpenter. |
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34 | |
If Habib wants to get a career in the occupation currently believed to have the fastest growth and highest pay in the next few years, he will find a position as: |
| | A) | a computer systems analyst. |
| | B) | an engineering, science, or computer systems manager. |
| | C) | a college professor. |
| | D) | a commercial artist. |
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35 | |
The ideal candidate for job success has all of the following skills, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | good grades. |
| | B) | leadership ability. |
| | C) | a strong ego. |
| | D) | relevant experience. |
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36 | |
In a recent survey by the Center for Survey Research at the University of Connecticut (2000), ______ percent of Americans worked 51 hours or more per week. |
| | A) | 18 |
| | B) | 23 |
| | C) | 32 |
| | D) | 35 |
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37 | |
Faye Crosby (1991) has described the "jugglers," women who have multiple roles of career, home, and family. She has concluded that: |
| | A) | the high stress levels will undoubtedly create major problems in at least one of the "juggled" areas. |
| | B) | jugglers may derive much pleasure from life but feel tired to the point of exhaustion. |
| | C) | while juggling may be beneficial for communities, it is a hardship on families and the individual. |
| | D) | working from home will allow women to handle multiple roles more easily. |
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38 | |
Job satisfaction increases with age for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | higher pay. |
| | B) | job security. |
| | C) | higher positions within the company. |
| | D) | less need for intense commitment |
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39 | |
In light of the challenges of globalization, rapidly developing information technologies, downsizing, and early retirement, middle-aged workers are advised to: |
| | A) | put away enough money so they can survive during retirement. |
| | B) | adjust idealistic hopes to realistic possibilities. |
| | C) | seek out new positions before leaving the old one. |
| | D) | negotiate the best deal possible for a retirement package. |
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40 | |
Aristotle viewed leisure as: |
| | A) | a waste of time. |
| | B) | harmful. |
| | C) | unnecessary. |
| | D) | important in life. |
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41 | |
Leisure is particularly important during middle adulthood because it: |
| | A) | improves the nation's economy. |
| | B) | helps adults narrow their interests. |
| | C) | eases the transition from work to retirement. |
| | D) | gives grandparents something to talk about with their grandchildren. |
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42 | |
An important change in older adults' work patterns is an increase in: |
| | A) | full-time work. |
| | B) | part-time work. |
| | C) | early retirement. |
| | D) | women dying on the job. |
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43 | |
The best predictor of job performance in the elderly is: |
| | A) | cognitive ability. |
| | B) | physical health. |
| | C) | motivation. |
| | D) | past work experience. |
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44 | |
Recent research found substantive complex work to be linked with _______ older adults. |
| | A) | higher intellectual functioning in |
| | B) | more accidents in the workplace for |
| | C) | forced retirement of |
| | D) | frustration and inability to cope in |
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45 | |
The main reason given in a recent survey of "baby boomers" for why they expect to work during the retirement years is: |
| | A) | for interest or enjoyment. |
| | B) | they need the income. |
| | C) | they want to start a new business. |
| | D) | they want to try a different field of work. |
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46 | |
The 1986 United States ban on any type of age-related mandatory retirement would NOT apply to: |
| | A) | Harpo, a Fortune 500 company president. |
| | B) | Groucho, a college professor. |
| | C) | Chico, a mail carrier. |
| | D) | Zeppo, a fire fighter. |
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47 | |
Which of the following statements is TRUE? In Europe: |
| | A) | many of the capitalist countries are encouraging early retirement, while the former Communist countries are encouraging older adults to continue working. |
| | B) | many of the former Communist countries are encouraging early retirement, while the capitalist countries are encouraging older adults to continue working. |
| | C) | many capitalist and former Communist countries are encouraging early retirement. |
| | D) | many capitalist and former Communist countries are encouraging older adults to continue working. |
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48 | |
Which retiree would be expected to have the POOREST adjustment to retirement? |
| | A) | Zachary, a Ph.D. in sociology, who has saved for retirement for the past 30 years. |
| | B) | Yoel, a widower who worked in a minimum-wage construction job since high school graduation. |
| | C) | Xanath, an interior decorator who decided to move to France to attend art school at the Sorbonne. |
| | D) | Wilma, a widow who volunteers as a guide at the art museum. |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education