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Principles of Environmental Science

William P. Cunningham, University of Minnesota
Mary Ann Cunningham, Vassar College

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Further Readings

Ames, B.N., and Gold, L.S. (2000). "Misconceptions about pollution, pesticides and the prevention of cancer". New York: McGraw-Hill.
The Standard Handbook of Environmental Science, Health and Technology

K. Smith. (1994). "Alar Five Years Later: Science Triumphs over Fear". American Council on Science and Health, New York: American Council on Science and Health.
An industry group claims that Alar was never a threat to the American public

Ames, B.N.. (1997). "Environmental Pollution, Pesticides, and the Prevention of Cancer: Misconceptions". : .
Argues that natural toxins are a much greater threat to most of us than trace amounts of industrial pollutants

Buck, G.M.. (1997). "Consumption of contaminated sport fish from Lake Ontario and time-to-pregnancy". : American Journal of Epidemiology.
Connections between dietary toxins and birth defects

Burger, J.. (1997). "Recreation and Risk: Potential Exposure". : Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (52(3):269-284).
An examination of the risks from recreation on public lands

Burger, J. and M. Gochfeld.. (1997). "Risk, Mercury Levels, and Birds: Relating Adverse Laboratory Effects to Field Biomonitoring". : Environmental Resources. (75(2):160-172).
An overview of mercury contamination in wild birds

Calver, M. C.. (2000). "Lessons from Preventive Medicine for the Precautionary Principle and Ecosystem Health". : Ecosystem Health. (6(2): 99-107).
A comparison of public health and ecosystem health

Carrer, P.. (2001). "Allergens in indoor air: environmental assessment and health effects". : The Science of the Total Environment. (270(1-3): 33-42).
An evaluation of allergens as potential causes of "sick house-syndrome." A special double issue on chronic low-level exposures and environmental health.

Clarke, David. (1997). "Comparative Risk". Detroit, MI: Gale Research: Environmental Encyclopedia. (2e: 215-217).
A good survey of risk assessment

Colborn, Theo. (1996). Our Stolen Future: How We Are Threatening Our Fertility, Intelligence, and Survival -- A Scientific Detective Story. New York: Dutton Book.
A frightening account of the effects of endocrine hormone-disrupting environmental pollutants

Cone, Richard A. and Emily Martin. (1997). "Corporeal Flows: The Immune System, Global Economies of Food & Implications for Health". : The Ecologist. (27(3):107-111).
Changes in food production, transport, and consumption may be linked to increasing levels of allergies and autoimmune diseases

Cornell University Center for the Environment. (1997). "Environmental Risk Factors,". Ithica, NY: Cornell University: Cornell University.
[Web site: http://www.cfe.cornell.edu] A useful examination of environmental risk, especially as related to breast cancer and toxics in the environment

Cunningham, William P.. (1997). "Environmental Health". Detroit, MI: Gale Research: Environmental Encyclopedia 2e. (p361-363).
A brief overview of environmental health. See many other articles in this volume on other specific topics

Daszak, P.. (2000). "Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wildlife-Threats to Biodiversity and Human Health". : Science (US). (287: 443-449).
New diseases sometimes cross species barriers threatening both humans and other species

Davidson, N.E., et al.. (1997). "Pesticides and Breast Cancer: Fact or Fad?". : Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (89(23):1743-1744).

Dibb, Sue. (1995). "Swimming in a Sea of Oestrogen: Chemical Hormone Disrupters". : The Ecologist. (25(1):27-35).
Expresses concern that a range of natural and synthetic chemicals, such as PCBs and dioxins and those contained in certain foods, detergents and plastics, can disrupt the body's hormonal balance

Dumanoski, Diane. (1997). "Child's Plague". : Sierra. (82(6):46-51).
Cancer, asthma, birth defects, aggression -- is pollution making kids sick?

Epstein, Paul R.. (2000). "Is Global Warming Harmful to Health?". : Scientific American. (283 (2): 50-57).
Suggests that infectious diseases will surge as the climate warms

Fackelmann, Kathleen. (1998). "Tuberculosis Outbreak: An ancient killer strikes a new population". : Science News. (153:73-75).
A sad but interesting account of how a naive population reacts to its first encounter with a deadly disease

Glass, G. E.. (2000). "Using Remotely Sensed Data To Identify Areas at Risk for Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome". : Emerging Infectious Diseases. (6(3): 28-40).

Gaskel, G. et al. (1999). "Worlds apart? The Reception of Genetically Modified Foods in Europe and the U.S.". : Science (US). (285: 384-387).
Controversy around acceptance of genetically modified organisms in human food

Gibbs, W. W.. (1999). "Trailing a Virus". : Scientific American. (281(2): 80-85).
The detective story of how the origin of a new viral disease was discovered in Malaysia

Glenister, C.S and M.P. Hoffman. (1996). "Mass-Reared Natural Enemies: Science, Technology, and Information Needs". Lanham, MD: Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Entomological Society of American. (Chapter 11, Conference Proceedings).
Mass production of organisms for biological pest control

Gold, L.S., Slone, T.H., and Ames, B.N.. (2001). "Natural and Synthetic Chemicals in the Diet: A Critical Analysis of Possible Cancer Hazards". : .
Food Safety and Food Quality

R.E. Hester & R.M. Harrison. Issues in Environmental Science and Technology. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry. (pp. 95-128).

Goldstein, Bernard D, MD.. (1996). "Health and Environment: Global Partners for Global Solutions". : World Information Transfer's World Ecology Report. (8(2):1-16).
The lead article in a general review of human health and the environment

Greenpeace. (1997). "United They Stand". : Greenpeace Quarterly. (2(1):6-10).
People in rural Louisiana fight pollution and environmental racism

Grein, T. W., et al. (2000). "Rumors of Disease in the Global Village: Outbreak Verification". : Emerging Infectious Diseases. (5(2):7-15).
Discusses the need for rapid assessment of disease outbreaks

Grifo, Francesca and Joshua Rosenthal, eds.. (1997Leading thinkers on the global environment and biomedicine explore the human health consequences of the loss of biological diversity). Biodiversity and Human Health. Covelo, CA: Island Press.

Gurunathan, S.. (1998). "Accumulation of Chlorpyrifos on Residential Surfaces and Toys Accessible to Children". : Environmental Health Perspectives. (106(1):9-16).
A quantitative examination of major pathways and routes of exposure to pesticides for determining human risk

Hooper, K., et al. (1997). "Analysis of Breast Milk to Assess Exposure to Chlorinated Contaminants in Kazakstan". : Environmental Health Perspectives. (105(11):1250-1254).

Jensen, S., et al. (1997). "Environmental Pollution and Child Health in the Aral Sea Region in Kazakhstan". : Sci Total Environment. (206(2-3):187-193).
Inadequate nutrition, poor sanitation, collapse of the health care system and pollution from Soviet agriculture and industries have caused a catastrophic decline in human health

Kaiser, Jocelyn. (1996). "Power Lines and Health: Panel Finds EMFs Pose No Threat". : Science. (274(5289):910).
One in a long series of research articles for and against the health effects of EMFs

Keith, Lawrence H.. (1997). Environmental Endocrine Disrupters: A Handbook of Property Data. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A comprehensive collection of data on this important topic

McGinn, Anne P.. (2000). "POPs Culture". : World Watch. (13(2): 26-36).
Discusses the threats from persistent organic pollutants

Mitchell, Jennifer D.. (1997). "Chemical Explosion". : World Watch Journal. (10(2):26).
The release of new synthetic chemicals are out of control, and so are their apparent effects on alligators, frogs, and children

Montague, P.. (2000). "Dumbing Down the Children". http://www.rachel.org/bulletin/index: Rachel's Environment and Health Weekly. (no. 687 February 17, 2000 [on line]).
The first in a three-part series on the dangers of lead in the environment

Montague, Peter. (1997). "The Truth About Breast Cancer". Annapolis, MD [Web site:http://www.monitor.net/rachel]: Rachel's Environment & Health Weekly. (#571).
A rather shrill but useful probe of the causes of breast cancer

Morse, Stephen S.. (1996). Emerging Viruses. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
A systematic exploration of the rapid evolution of emerging viruses with practical suggestions for prevention of future epidemics

Murray, C .J. L. and A. D. Lopez. (2000). "Progress and directions in refining the global burden of disease". : Health Economics. (9: 69-82).
An analysis of the daily burden of disease from different sources

National Research Council. (1996). Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens in the Human Diet: A Comparison of Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Substances. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences USA.

Nendza, M., et al. (1997). "Potential for Secondary Poisoning and Biomagnification in Marine Organisms". : Chemosphere. (35(9):1875-1885).
Discusses how food webs accumulate and magnify toxins

O'Brien, Mary. (2000). Making Better Environmental Decisions: An Alternative to risk Assessment. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Recommends "alternatives assessment" as a new approach to health protection

Osterholm, M. T.. (2000). "Emerging Infections -- Another Warning". : The New England Journal of Medicine. (342(17): 4-5).
An overview of the dangers of emergent diseases with some recent examples from around the world

Pantani, C.. (1997). "Comparative acute toxicity of some pesticides, metals, and surfactants to Gammarus italicus Goedm. and Echinogammarus tibaldii pink. and stock". : Bull Environ Contem Toxicol. (59(6):963-967).

Platt, Anne E.. (1996). Infecting Ourselves: How Environmental and Social Disruptions Trigger Disease. Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute. (Worldwatch Paper 129).

Pogoda, J.M., et al. (1997). "Household Pesticides and Risk of Pediatric Brain Tumors". : Environmental Health Perspectives.
105(11):1214-1220

Raffensperger, C. and J. Tickner. (1999). Protecting Public Health and the Environment: Implementing the Precautionary Principle. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
Discusses the philosophical foundation and application of the precautionary principle in health planning

Reiter, P.. (2000). "From Shakespeare to Defoe: Malaria in England in the Little Ice Age,". : Emerging Infectious Diseases. (6(1):9-18).
Discusses connections between climate, social conditions, and infectious diseases

Ridley, M.. (2000). "Asthma, Environment, and the Genome". : Natural History. (109(2):54-64).
What is the connection between pollution and asthma?

Rolston, H.. (1996). "Science, Advocacy, Human and Environmental Health". : Sci Total Environment. (184(1-2)51-56).
Argues that ecosystem health should replace commodity-based sustainable development as a policy goal because of the links between ecosystems and human health

Ritter, L.. (1997). "Report of a Panel on the Relationship between Public Exposure to Pesticides and Cancer". : National Cancer Institute of Canada. (80(10):2019-2033).
A Canadian view of cancer risks of pesticides

Wargo, John. (1996). Our Children's Toxic Legagy: How Science Failed to Protect Us from Pesticides. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
The history of pesticide law and science with a focus on the special hazards faced by children

World Health Organization. (2000). "Health and Development in the 20th Century". New York: Oxford University Press. (1-10).
World Health Report

2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education
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