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About the Authors| Andris Freivalds is professor of industrial engineering at the Pennsylvania State University. He obtained a B.S. degree in science engineering and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in bioengineering from the University of Michigan. After biomechanics research at the Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory at Wright Patterson AFB, Ohio, and at the University of Nottingham, U.K., as a Fulbright Scholar, he shifted his focus to the reduction of work-related musculoskeletal injuries in U.S. industries. With the assistance of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the development the Center for Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD), he has provided ergonomic and engineering design services to over 60 Pennsylvania companies in controlling their workplace hazards and improving overall productivity. As part of these efforts, he was recognized by the Institute of Industrial Engineers with its Technical Innovation Award in1995. He is a Certified Professional Ergonomist and a Fellow of the Ergonomics Society.
Benjamin Niebel received B.S., M.E., and P.E. degrees in industrial engineering from the Pennsylvania State University. After heading the industrial engineering department at Lord Manufacturing Company, he became interested in engineering education. He returned to Penn State as a faculty member in 1947 and then served as the head of the Department of Industrial Engineering from 1955 to 1979. During this time he wrote many textbooks including the original Motion and Time Study in 1955 and consulted regularly with many industries. For his outstanding service to both the profession and Penn State, he was awarded the Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Award by the Institute of Industrial Engineers in 1976, the Outstanding Engineering Alumnus Award by the College of Engineering in 1989, and the Penn State Engineering Society Distinguished Service Award in 1992. He passed away at the distinguished age of 80 while on a consulting trip for industry.
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education