Web Links

Sanctions are a controversial issue. This site deals with sanctions that have been imposed on Iraq after the Gulf War in 1991, and the implications of these measures, especially the effect of economic status of citizens of the country.

A timeline of events during the Cold War era of 1946-1991 appears here, along with links to other Cold War documents and resources.

This page, focusing on Cold War espionage, is part of an interactive guide to a CNN television series. Featured are links to maps, profiles, and other information about the era.

The University of Toronto's G8 Information Centre, including statements, publications, news bulletins, and other information relevant to the activities of the G8 nations.

This was the Web home page for an online seminar on the 1999 meeting of the eight industrialized nations known as the G8. However, it still provides a number of valuable links that give continuing information on the G8's activities.

Information on the G8 summit in Genoa, Italy in 2001 including a summary of summit activities, documents, G7-G8 history, and information on the individual nations and their leaders.

Here is the text of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, centering on worldwide reduction of emissions which lead to the "greenhouse effect."

Further information on the United Nations Framework Convention, including a "beginner's guide" to greenhouse gases and the possible implications of world climate change.

Meetings, projects, and reports concerning the Kyoto Protocol and UN Framework Convention, provided by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).

This site collects the sections of the North American Free Trade Agreement involving the NAFTA Secretariat, a dispute-resolution body including representatives from the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The site also provides links to the original text of NAFTA and information on agencies in the three countries involved in administering trade policies.

Information, articles, and calls to action from an anticorporate organization that questions and opposes the goals and policies of the World Trade Organization.

This site explains the World Trade Organization's role in establishing and implementing rules governing trade between nations. Trade-related news and basic WTO information appears along with a number of links to relevant publications and resources.

The U.S. Trade Deficit Review Commission site includes background information, a list of commission members, hearings testimony, and a few relevant reports and press releases.

This site from the United Nations Population Fund provides links to information on worldwide population issues such as environmental trends, health, gender, sustainable and equitable development, etc.

Statistics and maps showing population levels in cities around the world.

Thorough information on the state of world poverty from the World Bank, including statistics comparing income levels in various countries and many other relevant documents, reports, and charts.

Here is a list of world currencies, along with two conversion calculators, a list of books on coin collecting and money, and links to resources for obtaining foreign coins and money on the Internet.

This site links to statistics on the debt of 176 countries, as compiled in a collaborative effort by four international organizations.

This press release includes information on the flow of money from the Development Assistance Committee to countries in need during 2000. Links to more detailed information about the DAC also appear..

This 59-page pdf document includes detailed statistics on the debt carried by various countries through 2001.

Information on the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), a subgroup within the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development concerned with issues involving cooperation with developing countries.

The South Movement's objectives include a nonaligned Australian foreign policy, cooperation with other southern hemisphere countries, and continued opposition to the domination of world politics and economic policy by powerful northern hemisphere countries such as the United States. This site provides several links with information about the Group of 77, which is a UN subgroup comprised of developing countries with common economic interests.

This site provides several links with information about the Group of 77, which is a UN subgroup comprised of developing countries with common economic interests.

The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development site outlines the conference's goals involving the integration of developing countries in the world economy. Also included are links to publications, documents, and more detailed information on various UNCTAD programs.

The entry in an international economics glossary that includes definitions of many terms important to the understanding of tariffs.

Information on nontariff barriers to trade from the same glossary, including quotas and voluntary export restraints.

Information from the World Trade Organization on the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, which is designed to combat problems caused by country-specific differences in technical specifications and product standards.

This site includes a large selection of Adam Smith quotations, and also links to a biographical timeline and online versions of some of the economist's writings.

A brief biography of the latter part of Smith's life, beginning with the 1776 publication of An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.

Here is a brief summary of the Marshall Plan, which attempted to bring economic and political stability to Europe following World War Two. The site also includes a small portion of the original Economic Cooperation Act of 1948 enacting the plan.

Views of the Marshall Plan from various countries' perspectives, maps, profiles, and other relevant documents compiled on the occasion of the plan's fiftieth anniversary in 1998.

The United Nations Development Programme fights the problems of developing countries, from poverty and AIDS to environmental and communications issues. Thorough information about the organization's structure, goals, and activities is available here.

The official site for the United Nations Industrial Development Organization describes UNIDO's mission to help foster the growth of efficient, environmentally-conscious industry in developing countries. Also included are statistics, publications, news, and other relevant information.

The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development's mission involves issues such as trade, development, education, and scientific innovation viewed in the context of a global economy. Their site includes documents, statistics, and news relevant to the organization's work.

The official International Monetary Fund site details the organization's key functions, which include monitoring and helping stabilize currency exchange rates, encouraging expansion of world trade, and lending money to countries experiencing debt problems.

The Bretton Woods Project observes and critiques the activities of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, particularly the social and environmental impact of their policies. The site features reports, news releases, and other information about this UK-based group's goals and activities.

This site has the original text of the agreement establishing the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

This site explains the Bretton Woods System of stable and adjustable exchange rates, which was established at the end of World War II and remained in place until 1971.

Information on Special Drawing Rights, an artificial unit of currency created by the International Monetary Fund for use as an international reserve asset.

Comprehensive information is available here on the history, activities, and current goals of the Organization of American States, the 35-country group consisting of North American, South American, Central American, and Caribbean-based nations. Issues discussed include trade, drug traffic, and human rights.

The Free Trade Area of the Americas process, initiated in 1994, attempts to integrate the economies of Western Hemisphere countries. Relevant publications and country-by-country information are featured on this site.

Documents, reports, and other information on MERCOSUR, an economic agreement among four South American countries.

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations promotes economic, social, and cultural development, political cooperation, and regional peace and stability for its members. Their site includes speeches, meeting schedules, documents, press releases, statistics, and other information.

APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) promotes trade and economic cooperation among its member countries. The site includes news, publications, and information about the organization and its goals.