| animal misbehavior | Operant behavior that deteriorates rather than improves with continued reinforcement.
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| anxious relationship | The relationship developed between a mother and her infant when the mother is indifferent to her infant.
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| appetitive structure view | Idea that animal misbehavior represents species-typical foraging and food-handling behaviors, which are elicited by pairing food with the natural cues controlling feeding.
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| associative learning view of imprinting | The idea that attraction to the imprinting object develops because of its arousal-reducing properties.
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| behavior systems approach | Timberlake's idea that learning evolved as a modifier of innate behavior systems and functions to change the integration, tuning, instigation, or linkages within a particular system.
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| concurrent interference | The prevention of learning when a stimulus intervenes between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli or when a behavior occurs between the operant response and reinforcement.
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| constraint | When learning occurs less rapidly or less completely than expected.
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| electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) | The high levels of instrumental or operant behavior exhibited when responding leads to activation of reinforcement areas of the brain.
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| imprinting | The development of a social attachment to stimuli experienced during a sensitive period of development.
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| ingestional neophobia | The avoidance of novel foods.
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| instinctive drift | When operant behavior deteriorates despite continued reinforcement due to the elicitation of instinctive behaviors.
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| instinctive view of imprinting | The view that imprinting is a genetically programmed form of learning.
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| interim behavior | The behavior that follows reinforcement when an animal is reinforced on an interval schedule of reinforcement.
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| learned-safety theory | The recognition that a food can be safely consumed.
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| long-delay learning | The association of a flavor with an illness that occurred even several hours after the flavor was consumed.
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| medial forebrain bundle (MFB) | The area of the limbic system that is part of the brain's reinforcement center.
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| mesotelencephalic reinforcement system | A central nervous system structure that mediates the influence of reinforcement on behavior.
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| nigrostriatal pathway | A neural pathway that begins in the substantia nigra and projects to the neostriatum and that serves to facilitate reinforcement-induced enhancement of memory consolidation.
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| nucleus accumbens (NA) | A basal forebrain structure that plays a significant role in the influence of reinforcement on behavior.
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| periventricular tract (PVT) | The area of the limbic system that represents the brain's punishment center.
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| predisposition | Instances where learning occurs more rapidly or in a different form than expected.
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| schedule-induced aggression | The high levels of aggressive behavior exhibited following reinforcement on an interval schedule.
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| schedule-induced behavior | The high levels of instinctive behavior that occur following reinforcement on an interval schedule.
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| schedule-induced polydipsia | The high levels of water consumption following food reinforcement on an interval schedule.
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| schedule-induced wheel running | The high levels of wheel running following reinforcement on an interval schedule.
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| secure relationship | The establishment of a strong bond between a mother who is sensitive and responsive to her infant and that infant.
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| species-specific defense reaction (SSDR) | An instinctive reaction, elicited by signals of danger, that allows the avoidance of an aversive event.
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| stimulus-bound behavior | Behavior tied to the prevailing environmental conditions and elicited by stimulation of the brain's reinforcement center.
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| superstitious behavior | A "ritualistic" stereotyped pattern of behavior exhibited during the interval between reinforcements.
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| tegmentostriatal pathway | A neural pathway that begins in the lateral hypothalamus, goes through the medial forebrain bundle and ventral tegmental area, terminates in the nucleus accumbens, and governs the motivational properties of reinforcers.
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| terminal behavior | The behavior that just precedes reinforcement when an animal is reinforced on an interval schedule of reinforcement.
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| ventral tegmental area (VTA) | A structure in the tegmentostriatal reinforcement system that projects to the nucleus accumbens.
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education