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Learning: Principles and Applications, 4/e
Stephen B Klein, Mississippi State University
Memory Retrieval and Forgetting

Multiple Choice Quiz



1

Underwood assumes that memory is a collection of different types of information called
A)nodes.
B)attributes.
C)features.
D)constructs.
2

Students are often able to provide the correct answer to a test question by remembering the location of the information on a page of their notes. They are using Underwood's
A)contextual attribute of memory.
B)spatial attribute of memory.
C)orthographic attribute of memory.
D)acoustic attribute of memory.
3

When asked what you were doing at 8 p.m. last Thursday, you try to access the information by first remembering the date, what time you ate dinner, and what time you went to bed. This information is stored as a(n) _____________ attribute of memory.
A)contextual
B)spatial
C)temporal
D)modality
4

You find that you become extremely anxious while taking semester exams. To compensate for this, you make sure you are also anxious while studying. The effectiveness of this strategy is based on
A)the Kamin effect.
B)state-dependent learning.
C)situational apprehension effects.
D)reverse affective reduction.
5

The U-shaped retention function following avoidance conditioning is called
A)the Garcia effect.
B)the Griswold effect.
C)the Kamin effect.
D)the Kringle effect.
6

In Ebbinghaus' memory studies, his most famous subject was
A)Freud.
B)Piaget.
C)Skinner.
D)himself.
7

Retroactive interference occurs when
A)old information interferes with recalling more recent information.
B)more recent information interferes with recalling older information.
C)old information interferes with recalling old information.
D)new information interferes with recalling new information.
8

The first factor in Melton and Irwin's two-factor theory of interference is
A)response competition.
B)unlearning.
C)list differentiation.
D)contextual dependence.
9

Loftus has shown that memory reconstruction is most likely to occur among people
A)under 21.
B)over 65.
C)between 35 and 55.
D)a and b
10

The creation of an inaccurate record of childhood sexual abuse has been termed
A)false memory syndrome.
B)repressed memory syndrome.
C)reconstructed memory syndrome.
D)malleable memory syndrome.
11

Freud suggested that people repress uncomfortable memories. Researchers have investigated this phenomenon and labeled it
A)imaginary regrets.
B)directed forgetting.
C)suppressed feelings.
D)interpersonal forgetting.
12

Which of the following is not one of Underwood's 10 memory attributes?
A)contextual
B)spatial
C)acoustic
D)orthodontic
13

Underwood (1983) proposed antonyms, synonyms, and functional associates as three types of
A)class associative attributes.
B)parallel associative attributes.
C)transformational attributes.
D)natural language mediators.
14

Abelard has a knack for being able to represent seemingly random letter patterns as words. For example, the letter pattern amacrei is coded as America. Which transformational attribute of memory is Abelard using?
A)an order transformation
B)a mnemonic
C)a natural language mediator
D)an antonym
15

Two memories are likely to interfere with each other if
A)they are distinct.
B)they share numerous attributes.
C)they share few or no attributes.
D)they are stored in different modalities.








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