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1 | |
The environmental stimulus that ultimately elicits a fixed action pattern is called |
| | A) | the eliciting stimulus. |
| | B) | the sign stimulus. |
| | C) | the innate releasing mechanism. |
| | D) | the elucidating mechanism. |
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2 | |
The sign stimulus for fighting behavior in the male stickleback fish is |
| | A) | an erect dorsal fin of the invading male. |
| | B) | the broad gray stripe on the pectoral fins of the invading male. |
| | C) | the red belly of the invading male. |
| | D) | none of the above; male sticklebacks do not respond to sign stimuli. |
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3 | |
When a male stickleback is caught between his territory and that of another male, he experiences two, incompatible sign-stimuli, which elicit opposing actions (flee or attack). In response to these conflicting stimuli, he builds a nest. This behavior is known as |
| | A) | displacement. |
| | B) | reaction formation. |
| | C) | projection. |
| | D) | rationalization. |
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4 | |
Decreased responsiveness to a specific stimulus declines with repeated exposure to that stimulus. This is known as |
| | A) | sensitization. |
| | B) | boredom. |
| | C) | habituation. |
| | D) | overshadowing. |
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5 | |
You were extremely nervous the first time you gave an oral presentation. After giving a number of speeches, you are likely to |
| | A) | become less nervous. |
| | B) | become even more nervous. |
| | C) | become a politician. |
| | D) | a or b |
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6 | |
The startle response may be enhanced while watching a horror movie due to |
| | A) | sensitization. |
| | B) | habituation. |
| | C) | latent inhibition. |
| | D) | an innate releasing mechanism. |
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7 | |
According to opponent-process theory, drug withdrawal represents |
| | A) | the A state. |
| | B) | the B state. |
| | C) | the C state. |
| | D) | the D state. |
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8 | |
Which position on learning/motivation would best explain why people jump out of perfectly good airplanes for sport? |
| | A) | functionalism |
| | B) | structuralism |
| | C) | pragmatic deism |
| | D) | opponent-processes |
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9 | |
The anxiety and apprehension felt prior to a major exam corresponds to which state according to the opponent-process model? |
| | A) | the B state |
| | B) | the A state |
| | C) | the C state |
| | D) | the D state |
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10 | |
Katcher, Solomon, Turner, LoLordo, Overmeir, and Rescorla found that after many electric shocks, a dog's heart rate dropped below pre-shock levels when shock was terminated. Which state is represented by the reduction in heart rate? |
| | A) | the A state |
| | B) | the B state |
| | C) | the C state |
| | D) | the D state |
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11 | |
The recovery of a habituated response when a sensitizing stimulus is presented is called |
| | A) | external inhibition. |
| | B) | sensory excitation. |
| | C) | dishabituation. |
| | D) | disinhibition. |
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12 | |
In Lorenz's (1950) energy model, an internal block exists for every fixed action pattern preventing its occurrence. When the appropriate sign stimulus is encountered, this block is removed by the |
| | A) | innate releasing mechanism. |
| | B) | sensitizing stimulus. |
| | C) | action-specific energy. |
| | D) | opponent B state. |
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13 | |
If the A state is aversive, then the B state is |
| | A) | also aversive. |
| | B) | pleasant. |
| | C) | neutral. |
| | D) | disturbing. |
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14 | |
Habituation is modified by |
| | A) | the time between stimulus presentations. |
| | B) | changes in the stimulus properties. |
| | C) | stimulus intensity. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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15 | |
You experience intense anxiety as a result of a severe pain coursing down your left arm combined with substantial pressure on your chest. Convinced that you are having a heart attack, you rush to the ER, where you are diagnosed with acute indigestion. You leave the ER happier than you have been in years. What is the B state in this situation? |
| | A) | happiness |
| | B) | anxiety |
| | C) | pain |
| | D) | indigestion |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education