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1 | |
Responding in the same manner to similar stimuli is called |
| | A) | generalization. |
| | B) | discrimination. |
| | C) | attention failure. |
| | D) | equivalency. |
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2 | |
If someone shows a "flat" generalization gradient, it means that they |
| | A) | respond only to a narrow range of stimuli similar to the training stimulus. |
| | B) | respond to a wide range of stimuli, often dissimilar to the training stimulus. |
| | C) | show such intense fear that it cannot be extinguished. |
| | D) | do not respond to any stimuli similar to the training stimulus. |
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3 | |
An excitatory generalization gradient indicates |
| | A) | the ability of stimuli other than the original CS to block the CR. |
| | B) | the ability of stimuli other than the original CS to elicit the CR. |
| | C) | the ability of stimuli other than the original CS to elicit the UCS. |
| | D) | the ability of stimuli other than the original UCS to elicit the CS. |
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4 | |
According to Lashley and Wade (1946), generalization occurs when subjects |
| | A) | fail to learn as a result of blocking. |
| | B) | do not have the sensory ability to distinguish between stimuli. |
| | C) | show spontaneous recovery of the test stimulus. |
| | D) | fail to discriminate between the training and test stimuli. |
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5 | |
In Lashley and Wade's model, extensive discrimination training should |
| | A) | produce a flat generalization gradient, |
| | B) | result in no generalization, |
| | C) | produce a steep or sharp generalization gradient, |
| | D) | result in a steep gradient for excitatory conditioning and a flat gradient for inhibitory conditioning. |
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6 | |
Which of the following symbols represents a stimulus that signals that reinforcement is available? |
| | A) | s+ |
| | B) | sD |
| | C) | s- |
| | D) | sD |
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7 | |
Increased responding to sD and decreased responding to sD is called |
| | A) | respondent discrimination. |
| | B) | classical generalization. |
| | C) | behavioral contrast. |
| | D) | conceptual recognition. |
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8 | |
The ability of one stimulus to enhance the response to another stimulus is called |
| | A) | occasion setting. |
| | B) | discriminatory demand. |
| | C) | generalization restrictive. |
| | D) | operant organization. |
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9 | |
According to Rescorla (1986), a CS facilitates responding to a second stimulus by |
| | A) | eliciting a pre-CR. |
| | B) | lowering the threshold of reaction to the second stimulus. |
| | C) | increasing the discriminability of the second stimulus. |
| | D) | conditioned inhibition. |
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10 | |
According to Sutherland and Mackintosh's view of discrimination learning, the _______________ detects the presence of the salient or relevant stimulus dimension. |
| | A) | oxidizer |
| | B) | odorizer |
| | C) | analyzer |
| | D) | amplifier |
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11 | |
The Hull-Spence model of discrimination represents a ______________ approach. |
| | A) | noncontinuity |
| | B) | contiguity |
| | C) | noncontingency |
| | D) | continuity |
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12 | |
Which of the following theorists claimed that animals learn relationships among stimuli and exhibit a transposition effect? |
| | A) | Kamin |
| | B) | Kohler |
| | C) | Konorski |
| | D) | Kellogg |
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13 | |
A chicken learns a discrimination between a tone sD of 85 dB and a tone sD of 65 dB. According to Kohler, the chicken should show the greatest reaction to which intensity tone? |
| | A) | 85 dB |
| | B) | 65 dB |
| | C) | 95 dB |
| | D) | 55 dB |
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14 | |
Kohler's relational viewpoint is supported when animals |
| | A) | are given the choice between two stimuli. |
| | B) | are given single stimuli generalization tests. |
| | C) | are either chickens or mice. |
| | D) | are overtrained. |
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15 | |
According to which theorist(s) do analyzers detect the presence of the salient or relevant aspect of a stimulus? |
| | A) | Kohler |
| | B) | Sutherland and Mackintosh |
| | C) | Hull and Spence |
| | D) | Tolman and Guthrie |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education