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Learning: Principles and Applications, 4/e
Stephen B Klein, Mississippi State University
Cognitive Control Of Behavior
Fill in the Blanks
1
Two famous studies by Tolman, Ritchie, and Kalish in 1946 challenged Hull's S-R model by showing that animals learn a(n)
in order to obtain food.
2
Alternative path studies supported
view of learning.
3
A(n)
is a mental representation of event contingencies.
4
Dickinson used the
to demonstrate his notion of behavior-reinforcer expectancies.
5
refers to the control of responding by habit rather than by expectancy.
6
is the expectation that events are uncontrollable.
7
According to the attributional model of learned helplessness, a
is the belief that internal characteristics cause a failure.
8
Abramson, Metalsky, and Alloy (1989) have further revised Seligman's model by adding
, an expectation that desired outcomes will not occur.
9
In addition to hopelessness and helplessness, a
explanatory style is also causally related to depression.
10
According to Bandura, two classes of expectations maintain phobias:
expectancy and expectancy.
2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education
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