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1 | |
Sigmund Freud developed his ideas about psychoanalytic theory |
| | A) | while being held in a Nazi detention camp. |
| | B) | while reviewing the published theories of Erik Erikson. |
| | C) | from work he did with mental patients. |
| | D) | while studying to become a medical doctor. |
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2 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of Freud's three structures of the personality? |
| | A) | Ego |
| | B) | Repression |
| | C) | Superego |
| | D) | Id |
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3 | |
Developing a study schedule is a function of the |
| | A) | id. |
| | B) | ego. |
| | C) | superego. |
| | D) | ego-ideal. |
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4 | |
Feeling guilty over adolescent sexual exploration is a result of |
| | A) | ego. |
| | B) | libido. |
| | C) | superego. |
| | D) | id. |
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5 | |
Which of the following is an example of an ego defense mechanism? |
| | A) | Autonomy |
| | B) | Latency |
| | C) | Oedipus complex |
| | D) | Repression |
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6 | |
Unconsciously hating your younger brother might be an example of |
| | A) | ego-centrism. |
| | B) | repression. |
| | C) | the Oedipus complex. |
| | D) | id-ideals. |
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7 | |
According to Peter Blos and Anna Freud, |
| | A) | it is permissible to make generalizations about the role of defense mechanisms in adolescent development on the basis of small or clinical samples of subjects. |
| | B) | research on adolescent defense mechanisms should be nonsexist. |
| | C) | defense mechanisms are a normal aspect of adolescent development. |
| | D) | Sigmund Freud's original analysis of the role of defense mechanisms in adolescent development has been confirmed many times. |
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8 | |
Louella believes all boys have "cooties." She devotes herself to athletics and caring for various pets. A psychoanalyst would say Louella is |
| | A) | behaving normally for someone in the latency stage. |
| | B) | being overly controlled by her superego. |
| | C) | experiencing unconscious conflicts between her ego and id. |
| | D) | fixated at the phallic stage of development. |
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9 | |
Bobby tells his mom, "When I grow up I'm going to marry you." Freud might consider this an example of |
| | A) | repression. |
| | B) | the Oedipus complex. |
| | C) | latency. |
| | D) | the id. |
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10 | |
Horney and Chodorow criticized Freud for |
| | A) | his conceptualization of the Oedipus complex. |
| | B) | male-bias reflected in his theories. |
| | C) | discussing children sexuality too extensively in his theories. |
| | D) | ignoring sexuality in the elderly. |
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11 | |
The decision to get married might indicate that Johnny is in which of Freud's psychosexual stages? |
| | A) | Latency |
| | B) | Oral |
| | C) | Genital |
| | D) | Phallic |
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12 | |
An infant left to cry in her crib for long periods of time might, according to Erikson, develops |
| | A) | autonomy. |
| | B) | guilt. |
| | C) | initiative. |
| | D) | mistrust. |
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13 | |
Susan changed her major three times in college, and now that she has graduated, she still cannot decide what type of job she wants. Erik Erickson would describe Susan as going through a period of |
| | A) | shame and doubt. |
| | B) | identity confusion. |
| | C) | despair. |
| | D) | generativity and stagnation. |
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14 | |
In the futuristic film 2001:A Space Odyssey, a computer named HAL performs many humanlike activities in outer space. Psychologists might justifiably argue that while HAL could memorize and pay attention, he could never have arguments with his family nor be a "social" machine. These criticisms could also be leveled against the __________ view of adolescents. |
| | A) | information-processing |
| | B) | Piagetian |
| | C) | social learning |
| | D) | psychoanalytic |
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15 | |
Dotty often finds herself daydreaming about boy's and wondering what her life will be like when she gets married. According to Piaget, Dotty is likely in which stage? |
| | A) | Sensorimotor stage |
| | B) | Preoperational stage |
| | C) | Concrete operational stage |
| | D) | Formal operational stage |
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16 | |
The information processing approach emphasizes |
| | A) | the quality of thinking among adolescent of different ages. |
| | B) | overcoming age related problems or "crises." |
| | C) | age appropriate expressions of sexual energy. |
| | D) | perception, memory, reasoning ability, and problem solving. |
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17 | |
Because of the need to translate their writings, the important works of these two scholars remained unknown to American scholars for many years. |
| | A) | Sigmund and Anna Freud |
| | B) | Bandura and Skinner |
| | C) | Horney and Chodorow |
| | D) | Piaget and Vygotsky |
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18 | |
Sam is shy when around his friends, teachers, and family. Skinner would suggest that this behavior is |
| | A) | modeled after his father's behavior. |
| | B) | learned. |
| | C) | repressed. |
| | D) | ecological. |
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19 | |
One of the strong points of behavior theory is its |
| | A) | belief that cognitive processes are irrelevant for understanding development. |
| | B) | emphasis on the relationship between environmental stimuli and adolescent behavior. |
| | C) | emphasis on reducing adolescent behavior to fine-grained elements. |
| | D) | emphasis on the role of information processing as a mediator between behavior and environment. |
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20 | |
Cindy receives a job promotion that requires her to travel often. Because of this, she has less time to spend with her adolescent son and it impacts their relationship. According to Bronfenbrenner, this is an example of a(n) |
| | A) | microsystem. |
| | B) | mesosystem. |
| | C) | chronosystem. |
| | D) | exosystem. |
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21 | |
From B. F. Skinner's point of view, the best way to explain adolescent behavior is to |
| | A) | pay attention to the external consequences of that behavior. |
| | B) | pay attention to the self-produced consequences of that behavior. |
| | C) | focus on adolescent cognitive interpretation of her environmental experiences. |
| | D) | identify the biological processes that determine adolescent maturation. |
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22 | |
The frequent finding that adults who abuse their children and adolescents typically come from families in which they themselves were abused supports which theory of development? |
| | A) | Freudian psychoanalytic theory |
| | B) | Information processing theory |
| | C) | Ecological theory |
| | D) | Social cognitive theory |
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23 | |
A researcher who takes the best aspect from many theories in constructing a research model could be said to be applying |
| | A) | ecological theory. |
| | B) | information-processing theory. |
| | C) | eclectic theory. |
| | D) | social cognitive theory. |
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24 | |
A major strength of ecological theory is its framework for explaining |
| | A) | environmental influences on development. |
| | B) | biological influences on development. |
| | C) | cognitive development. |
| | D) | affective processes in development. |
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25 | |
Many developmentalists have chosen to subscribe to an eclectic viewpoint because |
| | A) | they cannot afford to subscribe to all the other viewpoints; the annual dues are too high. |
| | B) | none of the current theories is at all correct. |
| | C) | they believe that not enough data have been collected so far to even begin proposing a definitive theory. |
| | D) | each of the major theories has both valid points and flaws. |
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26 | |
Which of the following is true about theories that endeavor to explain adolescent development? |
| | A) | If theorists keep working at it they will eventually come up with one theory that explains development. |
| | B) | Cognitive, psychoanalytic, and humanistic theories have nothing in common and can never be reconciled. |
| | C) | The theories proposed should be thought of as complementary rather than competitive. |
| | D) | One theory from biology, one theory from cognitive psychology, and one theory from social psychology are all that is needed to explain development. |
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27 | |
One difficulty of doing research on adolescents in a laboratory setting is that |
| | A) | an unnatural behavior may occur. |
| | B) | random assignment is impossible. |
| | C) | extraneous factors are difficult to control. |
| | D) | the experimenter's judgments are of unknown reliability. |
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28 | |
An investigator interested in gender differences in helping behavior spends three hours a day in the mall watching who opens doors for shoppers burdened with packages. Which of the following methods of data collection is being used? |
| | A) | Naturalistic observation |
| | B) | Experimental |
| | C) | Correlational |
| | D) | Case studies |
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29 | |
Which of the following is NOT a component in the scientific method? |
| | A) | Conceptualizing the problem |
| | B) | Drawing conclusions |
| | C) | Collecting information |
| | D) | Publishing results in a journal |
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30 | |
Which of the following is NOT a section typically found in a research article published in a journal? |
| | A) | Discussion |
| | B) | Statistical design |
| | C) | Results |
| | D) | Method |
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31 | |
A psychologist treats Bill's irrational fear of balloons. The assessment of Bill's problem and his treatment is an example of a(n) |
| | A) | hypothesis. |
| | B) | correlational research. |
| | C) | case study. |
| | D) | context. |
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32 | |
The experimental factor that is manipulated in an experiment is referred to as a(n) __________ . |
| | A) | independent variable |
| | B) | dependent variable |
| | C) | control group |
| | D) | method |
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33 | |
The factor that is measured as the result of an experiment is referred to as a(n) __________ . |
| | A) | independent variable |
| | B) | dependent variable |
| | C) | control group |
| | D) | method |
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34 | |
__________ is the assignment of participants to experimental and control groups by chance. |
| | A) | Naturalistic observation |
| | B) | Longitudinal research |
| | C) | Random assignment |
| | D) | Experimental research |
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35 | |
In conducting her research on adolescent self-esteem, professor Radcliff gathered information from 14-year-old students in 20 different states. This is an example of |
| | A) | case study research. |
| | B) | longitudinal research. |
| | C) | cross-sectional research. |
| | D) | correlational research. |
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36 | |
When Clint was in pre-school, he was part of a large study on temperament. The same researchers would again observe Clint's behavior in the fifth grade, the tenth grade, and when he turned 30 years old. Clint was likely a subject in which type of study? |
| | A) | Case study research |
| | B) | Longitudinal research |
| | C) | Cross-sectional research |
| | D) | Correlational Research |
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37 | |
Which of the following is NOT an important topic in research ethics? |
| | A) | Informed consent |
| | B) | Naturalistic observation |
| | C) | Confidentiality |
| | D) | Debriefing |
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38 | |
Stating that your research study contained 10 "Latino" subjects, is an example of |
| | A) | informed consent. |
| | B) | random assignment. |
| | C) | debriefing. |
| | D) | ethnic gloss. |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education