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Multiple Choice Quiz II
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1

What limitation of single-case research occurs because researchers tend to examine the effect of one treatment variable at a time in single-case research (i.e., by comparing a treatment condition and no-treatment baseline)?
A)the difficulty in examining interaction effects
B)excessive baseline variability
C)the ethical issue of the nature of the treatment
D)limited external validity
2

When presented by the media, positive results for the effects of treatment observed in a case study
A)are presented in conjunction with the limitations of the study.
B)may prevent people from seeking out treatments shown to be effective in more controlled research.
C)may prevent researchers from investigating the treatment further.
D)are shown to have limited generality – that is, the beneficial effects likely won’t occur for other people.
3

Which of the following is not an advantage of the case study method?
A)Case studies provide a rich source of insights into possible causes of people's behavior.
B)Case studies can provide useful evidence to support or challenge psychological theories.
C)Case studies provide an opportunity to "try out" new therapeutic techniques.
D)Case studies are especially useful for studying events that occur frequently.
4

Researchers are often unable to control extraneous variables when they use the case study method. This lesser degree of control makes it difficult to use the case study method to
A)draw cause-effect conclusions about behavior.
B)develop predictions of behavior.
C)consider alternative theoretical explanations of behavior.
D)develop descriptions of behavior.
5

The baseline stage of a single-case experimental design is useful to researchers because behavior during the baseline stage allows the researcher to
A)get an initial idea of whether the treatment will be effective.
B)describe behavior before administering the treatment and predict what behavior will be like in the future without treatment.
C)determine the best way to administer the treatment in light of the individual’s behavior during the baseline.
D)determine whether an individual is likely to benefit from the treatment.
6

Which of the following patterns provides considerable evidence in an ABAB design that the treatment caused the behavior change?
A)when the behavior remains the same across both of the baseline and treatment stages
B)when the behavior remains constant when the treatment is introduced but changes when the treatment is withdrawn
C)when the behavior changes both when the treatment is introduced and when the treatment is withdrawn
D)when the behavior changes when the treatment is introduced and the behavior stays constant when the treatment is withdrawn
7

Which of the following issues deserves special consideration when researchers consider using the ABAB design?
A)justification for withdrawing a potentially beneficial treatment
B)change in behavior prior to the end of the baseline stage
C)excessive variability of the baseline in single-case experimental designs
D)limited external validity of single-case experimental designs
8

What do each of the multiple baselines in the multiple-baseline single-case experimental design represent?
A)individual case studies
B)replications built into the design
C)redundant sources of evidence
D)inevitable sources of confounding
9

A baseline in a single-case experimental design will be most effective in detecting a change due to the treatment if the baseline has a(n)
A)decreasing trend.
B)increasing trend.
C)highly variable pattern.
D)stable pattern.
10

Which of the following statements concerning the external validity of single-case experiments is false?
A)Evidence for the external validity of single-case experiments can be established when researchers use the procedures of single-case designs with a small group of individuals.
B)Evidence for the external validity of single-case experiments can be established from the use of multiple-baseline designs.
C)The external validity of single-case experiments can be established because the single-case design is well suited to the study of interactions among variables.
D)The external validity of single-case experiments is likely enhanced because the types of interventions in these experiments frequently produce sizable changes in behavior.





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