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Multiple Choice Quiz II
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1

Which of the following characteristics of true experiments is most often lacking in quasi-experiments?
A)potential for contamination due to diffusion of treatments
B)high degree of control, especially the ability to assign participants randomly to conditions
C)appropriate comparison or "control" condition
D)implementation of some type of intervention or treatment
2

Which of the following represents a threat to the internal validity of a study because differences exist between individuals in the treatment and control groups at the start of the study?
A)selection
B)regression
C)maturation
D)subject mortality
3

While examining the effectiveness of a new police program to decrease street crime, laws are changed regarding the definition of different crimes. The change in law affects how crimes are recorded. Which threat to internal validity is a probable concern in this research?
A)selection
B)testing
C)instrumentation
D)history
4

Which of the following is not a possible threat to internal validity due to contamination?
A)resentment
B)experimenter effects
C)rivalry
D)diffusion of treatments
5

Which of the following research designs has the most threats to internal validity?
A)O1 X O2
B)
O1 X O2
---------
O1 O2
C)O1 O2 O3 O4 X O5 O6 O7 O8
D)
O1 O2 O3 O4 X O5 O6 O7 O8
----------------------------------
O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O8
6

What is the primary evidence for the effectiveness of a treatment that is tested using an interrupted time series design?
A)highly variable responses in the time graph surrounding the point of the intervention
B)strong decreasing trend in the time graph that continues through the point of the intervention
C)alternation of increasing and decreasing trends in the time graph around the point of the intervention
D)clear discontinuity in the time graph around the point of the intervention
7

Which of the following threats to internal validity is not eliminated when a nonequivalent control group is added to the pretest-posttest design?
A)history
B)maturation
C)additive effects of selection and history
D)all of the above threats are eliminated
8

The best method for establishing the external validity of research findings is
A)random assignment to conditions.
B)adding a nonequivalent control group to the design.
C)pretesting participants before the intervention.
D)replicating the findings under different conditions.
9

When researchers who are conducting a program evaluation try to determine whether a program is being implemented the way it was planned, they are addressing the program evaluation question of
A)efficiency.
B)outcome.
C)process.
D)needs.
10

What is the greatest difference between basic research and program evaluation (perhaps the most extreme case of applied research)?
A)the political and social realities surrounding these two approaches
B)the internal validity of the findings obtained in these two approaches
C)the quality of the research that can be done using these two approaches
D)the importance of the goals that can be achieved with these two approaches





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