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Multiple Choice Quiz II
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1

The essential ingredient of scientific observation is
A)control.
B)precise instrumentation.
C)description.
D)creating change.
2

A researcher tests whether students learn better with an active learning teaching method or with a traditional teaching method. In this example, the teaching method is a(n)
A)dependent variable.
B)control variable.
C)independent variable.
D)intervening variable.
3

What characteristic distinguishes scientific hypotheses from casual, everyday hypotheses?
A)testability
B)intuitive appeal
C)circularity
D)certainty
4

Which of the following characterizes the majority of the research conducted in psychology?
A)quantitative research using the idiographic approach
B)quantitative research using the nomothetic approach
C)qualitative research using the idiographic approach
D)qualitative research using the nomothetic approach
5

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between correlation and causation?
A)Correlation does not imply causation.
B)Correlation directly implies causation.
C)Correlation and causation are synonymous.
D)Correlation is unrelated to causation.
6

When a researcher studies an individual differences variable, the levels of the independent variable are
A)manipulated.
B)averaged.
C)dependent.
D)selected.
7

Measures of behavior used by researchers to assess the effect of an experimental manipulation are called
A)reliable variables.
B)independent variables.
C)dependent variables.
D)empiricals.
8

When a study is free of confoundings it is said to have
A)external validity.
B)internal validity.
C)integrity.
D)reproducibility.
9

The results of an externally valid study are ones that
A)apply to a narrow range of subjects, conditions, and settings.
B)apply to a wide range of subjects, conditions, and settings.
C)are likely to replicate if the study is repeated.
D)are likely to be difficult to interpret unambiguously.
10

Constructing a psychological theory based on the simplest of several available explanations for a phenomenon illustrates the use of the scientific principle of
A)confirmation.
B)precision.
C)rigorous testing.
D)parsimony.





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