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Multiple Choice Quiz I
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1

In the independent groups design the only factor that should differentiate the separate groups at the start of the experiment is the
A)dependent variable.
B)independent variable.
C)characteristics of the participants.
D)conditions under which all subjects are tested.
2

Which of the following terms describes the characteristic of an experiment that ensures an unambiguous interpretation for the outcome of the experiment?
A)reliability
B)external validity
C)sensitivity
D)internal validity
3

The matched groups design is used when separate groups are needed for the levels of the independent variable, when a good matching task is available, and when
A)extreme groups need to be tested.
B)an adjustment needs to be made for nonequivalent groups.
C)a relatively small number of participants is available.
D)a relatively large number of participants is available.
4

The matched groups design ensures that the groups in the experiment are equivalent
A)on all subject variables.
B)only on the matching task variable.
C)on subject variables but not on context variables.
D)on context variables but not on nuisance variables.
5

Which of the following types of variables is most likely to be an independent variable in a natural groups design?
A)individual differences (subject) variables
B)task variables
C)nuisance variables
D)environmental variables
6

The cues and other information participants may use to guide their behavior in an experiment are called
A)experimenter effects.
B)unobtrusive cues.
C)demand characteristics.
D)suggestive cues.
7

When a researcher is studying an individual difference variable, the levels of the independent variable are
A)manipulated.
B)held constant.
C)balanced.
D)selected.
8

Which of the following conclusions is possible when a study contains a confounding?
A)The effect of the independent variable can be unambiguously interpreted.
B)The effect of the confounding variable can be unambiguously interpreted.
C)The effect of neither the independent variable nor of the confounding variable can be unambiguously interpreted.
D)The effects of both the independent variable and the confounding variable can be unambiguously interpreted.
9

When a study is free of confoundings it is said to have
A)external validity.
B)internal validity.
C)integrity.
D)reproducibility.
10

The results of an externally valid study are ones that
A)apply to a narrow range of subjects, conditions, and settings.
B)apply to a wide range of subjects, conditions, and settings.
C)are likely to replicate if the study is repeated.
D)are likely to be difficult to interpret unambiguously.





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