Contents

Subject pronouns
Present Indicative Tense
Articles and Gender
Plurals of Nouns
Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns
Expressing Ownership
Personal a
Contractions
Idioms with tener
Saber Versus conocer; Pedir Versus preguntar
Time Expressions with hacer
Additional Idioms

Defining, Describing, and Locating: Ser Versus estar
Asking Questions: Interrogative Forms
More about Description: Adjective Agreement

Talking about What You Have Done: The Present Perfect
Expressing -self (-selves) and each other: Reflexive Verbs
Indicating Change: More Reflexive Verb Forms

Expressing Resulting Conditions: Adjectives Related to Reflexive Verb Forms
Reflexive Verb Forms with Adjectives
Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns
Talking about Needs, Likes, and Dislikes: Verbs like gustar

Talking about the Indefinite Past: The Imperfect
Talking about the Definite Past: The Preterite

Irregular Preterite Verb Forms
Describing the Past: Preterite Versus Imperfect
The Present Participle

Talking about What You Had Done: The Past Perfect Tense
Telling Who Did What to Whom: Double Object Pronouns
Pronouns That Follow Prepositions

Making Requests: Formal (Ud., Uds.) Commands
Talking about the Future

The Subjunctive
Subjunctive with Expressions of Will and Influence
Making Requests of Friends: Informal (tú) Commands

Indicative Versus Subjunctive in Adverbial Clauses
Subjunctive with Expressions of Emotion, Doubt, and Denial

Se Constructions
Expressing Goals and Means: por and para

Adjective Clauses and Relative Pronouns
The Subjunctive with Adjective Clauses
More on the Subjunctive Versus the Indicative

The Present Perfect Subjunctive
The Imperfect Subjunctive
Sequence of Subjunctive and Indicative Tenses

The Passive Voice
Past Participles as Adjectives
Comparatives and Superlatives

The Conditional
Expressing “Let’s…”: Nosotros Commands
Emphasizing to Whom Something Belongs
A Review of the Indicative Past Tenses

Si Clauses
Infinitives Used as Nouns
More about Talking about Events in Progress