Please answer all questions.

1		An organelle:
			A)	is a compartment, particle, or filament that performs specialized functions within the cell.
			B)	is a subcategory of smaller organs in the body that function to supply the needs of the larger organs.
			C)	the little sac-like structures found in the lungs at the end of the respiratory bronchiole.
			D)	the small duct found within the villus of the small intestine that functions to absorb dietary fat.
2		The significance of the cell membrane is that:
			A)	the cell membrane holds the cellular contents.
			B)	the cell membrane regulates the direction and flow of substances into and out of the cell.
			C)	the cell membrane is the means for cell-to-cell communication.
			D)	all of the above
3		All of the following substances would be moved across the cell membrane by diffusion except:
			A)	oxygen.
			B)	carbon dioxide.
			C)	sodium.
			D)	cholesterol.
4		Which of the following best describes the organization of the human body?
			A)	epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
			B)	cells, organelles, phospholipid bilayer, lacteals
			C)	cells, tissues, organ systems
			D)	cytoplasm, mitochondria, cell nucleus, lysozomes
5		Which of the following systems functions to protect, regulate temperature, prevent water loss, and produce a substance that converts to vitamin D?
			A)	integumentary system
			B)	endocrine system
			C)	lymphatic system
			D)	urinary system
6		Oxygen and nutrients leave the capillaries and move into which of the following fluids where they are delivered to the cells?
			A)	Plasma
			B)	Lymph
			C)	Mucus
			D)	Extracellular
7		These cells are very sensitive indicators of the body's nutritional status:
			A)	immune system cells
			B)	skeletal system cells
			C)	glial cells
			D)	cholecystokinin
8		Which vitamin plays a key role in the formation of myelin which is a lipoprotein that wraps around nerve fibers, acting like insulating material?
			A)	Vitamin A
			B)	Vitamin C
			C)	Vitamin B-12
			D)	Vitamin E
9		The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the:
			A)	axon terminal.
			B)	neuron.
			C)	neurotransmitter.
			D)	serotonin.
10		The six types of taste are:
			A)	sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami, and water.
			B)	sweet, spicy, salty, bitter, greasy, and dry.
			C)	sweet, spicy, salty, hot, cold, and umami.
			D)	sweet, caffeine, acidic, grassy, fruity, and sour.
11		As each bolus collects in the stomach, which of the following processes are initiated?
			A)	Protein digestion
			B)	Sterilization of the food
			C)	Formation of chyme
			D)	All of the above
12		The function of mucus in the stomach is to:
			A)	neutralize stomach acid.
			B)	activate pepsinogen to form pepsin.
			C)	protect stomach cells from autodigestion.
			D)	emulsify fats.
13		Most digestion and absorption takes place in the:
			A)	stomach.
			B)	small intestine.
			C)	pancreas.
			D)	large intestine.
14		Which of the following is a function of sphincter muscles?
			A)	Breaks apart food particles
			B)	Controls passage of food through the GI tract
			C)	Controls peristalsis
			D)	Releases enzymes and hormones into the GI tract
15		The liver is the first stop for most absorbed nutrients because it:
			A)	lies so close to the intestine.
			B)	controls blood flow to the heart.
			C)	is the end point for the portal vein.
			D)	must respond by making the correct amount of insulin.
16		The digestion that occurs in the large intestine is caused by:
			A)	lipase.
			B)	pepsin.
			C)	saliva.
			D)	bacteria.
17		The lining of the gastrointestinal tract is replaced completely about every 2 to 5 days:
			A)	to remove excess goblet cells that form when the diet is high in fat.
			B)	to break down the cells so the intestinal lining doesn't get too thick and thus prevent absorption of the nutrients.
			C)	due to incredible wear and tear on the lining of the GI tract.
			D)	since high fiber diets literally rub cells off of the intestinal lining when the dietary fiber passes through the GI tract.
18		The gnawing pain in the upper chest that is caused by acid flowing back into the esophagus from the stomach is called:
			A)	lactose intolerance.
			B)	ulcer.
			C)	hemorrhoids.
			D)	heartburn.
19		A sensible idea for preventing constipation is to:
			A)	use a laxative when needed.
			B)	cut down on water intake.
			C)	include more high-fiber foods in the diet.
			D)	include fewer high-fiber foods in the diet.
20		The compound in the cell that is used to store genetic information is:
			A)	RNA.
			B)	glycogen.
			C)	chromosomes.
			D)	genes.
21		A disease with strong genetic linkage is:
			A)	cardiovascular disease.
			B)	diabetes.
			C)	cancer.
			D)	all of the above
22		A chief waste product of the urinary system is:
			A)	urea.
			B)	protein.
			C)	amino acids.
			D)	fatty acids.
23		Fat storage primarily take place in:
			A)	gastrointestinal cells.
			B)	muscle cells
			C)	endocrine cells.
			D)	adipose cells.
24		Typical treatment for heartburn includes:
			A)	waiting 2 hours before lying down after a meal.
			B)	not overeating.
			C)	stopping smoking.
			D)	all of the above.
25		When evaluating of family for disease risk, special attention should be given to diseases that appear before the age of:
			A)	10 to 20 years.
			B)	30 to 40 years.
			C)	50 to 60 years.
			D)	70 to 80 years.