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Review and Comprehension Quiz
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1
The peripheral nervous system includes the
A)somatic nervous system.
B)brain.
C)spinal cord.
D)nuclei.
E)all of the above.
2
The part of the nervous system that controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands is the
A)somatic nervous system.
B)autonomic nervous system.
C)skeletal division.
D)sensory division.
3
Neurons have cytoplasmic extensions that connect one neuron to another neuron. Given these structures:
1. axon
2. dendrite
3. dendritic spine
4. presynaptic terminal
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order they are found between two neurons.
A)1,4,2,3
B)1,4,3,2
C)4,1,2,3
D)4,1,3,2
E)4,3,2,1
4
A neuron with many short dendrites and a single long axon is a ______________ neuron.
A)multipolar
B)unipolar
C)bipolar
5
Motor neurons and interneurons are ______________ neurons.
A)unipolar
B)bipolar
C)multipolar
D)afferent
6
Cells found in the choroid plexuses that secrete cerebrospinal fluid are
A)astrocytes.
B)microglia.
C)ependymal cells.
D)oligodendrocytes.
E)Schwann cells.
7
Neuroglia that are phagocytic within the central nervous system are
A)oligodendrocytes.
B)microglia.
C)ependymal cells.
D)astrocytes.
E)Schwann cells.
8
Unmyelinated axons within nerves may have which of these associated with them?
A)Schwann cells
B)nodes of Ranvier
C)oligodendrocytes
D)all of the above
9
Action potentials are conducted more rapidly
A)in small-diameter axons than in large-diameter axons.
B)in unmyelinated axons than in myelinated axons.
C)along axons that have nodes of Ranvier.
D)all of the above.
10
Clusters of nerve cell bodies within the peripheral nervous system are
A)ganglia.
B)fascicles.
C)nuclei.
D)laminae.
11
Gray matter contains primarily
A)myelinated fibers.
B)neuron cell bodies.
C)Schwann cells.
D)oligodendrocytes.
12
Concerning concentration difference across the plasma membrane, there are
A)more K+ and Na outside the cell than inside.
B)more K+ and Na inside the cell than outside.
C)more K+ outside the cell than inside and more Na+ inside the cell than outside.
D)more K+ inside the cell than outside and more Na+ outside the cell than inside.
13
Compared to the inside of the resting plasma membrane, the outside surface of the membrane is
A)positively charged.
B)electrically neutral.
C)negatively charged.
D)continuously reversing so that it is positive one second and negative the next.
E)negatively charged whenever the Na+ –K+ pump is operating.
14
Nongated ion channels
A)open in response to small voltage changes.
B)open when a ligand binds to its receptor.
C)are responsible for the ion permeability of the resting plasma membrane.
D)allow substances to move into the cell but not out.
E)all of the above.
15
The resting membrane potential results when the tendency for _____________ to diffuse out of the cell is balanced by their attraction to opposite charges inside the cell.
A)Na+
B)K+
C)Cl-
D)negatively charged proteins
16
If the permeability of the plasma membrane to K+ increases, resting membrane potential _____________. This is called _____________.
A)increases, hyperpolarization
B)increases, depolarization
C)decreases, hyperpolarization
D)decreases, depolarization
17
Decreasing the extracellular concentration of K+ affects the resting membrane potential by causing
A)hyperpolarization.
B)depolarization.
C)no change.
18
Which of these terms are correctly matched with their definition or description?
A)depolarization: membrane potential becomes more negative
B)hyperpolarization: membrane potential becomes more negative
C)hypopolarization: membrane potential becomes more negative
19
Which of these statements about ion movement through the plasma membrane is true?
A)Movement of Na+ out of the cell requires energy (ATP).
B)When Ca2+ binds to proteins in ion channels, the diffusion of Na+ into the cell is inhibited.
C)There are specific ion channels that regulate the diffusion of Na+ through the plasma membrane.
D)All of the above.
20
The major function of the Na+ –K+ pump is to
A)pump Na+ into and K+ out of the cell.
B)generate the resting membrane potential.
C)maintain the concentration gradients of Na+ and K+ across the plasma membrane.
D)oppose any tendency of the cell to undergo hyperpolarization.
21
Local potentials
A)spread over the plasma membrane in decremental fashion.
B)are not propagated for long distances.
C)are graded.
D)can summate.
E)all of the above.
22
During the depolarization phase of an action potential, the permeability of the membrane
A)to K+ is greatly increased.
B)to Na+ is greatly increased.
C)to Ca2+ is greatly increased.
D)is unchanged.
23
During repolarization of the plasma membrane,
A)Na+ diffuse into the cell.
B)Na+ diffuse out of the cell.
C)K+ diffuse into the cell.
D)K+ diffuse out of the cell.
24
The absolute refractory period
A)limits how many action potentials can be produced during a given period of time.
B)prevents an action potential from starting another action potential at the same point on the plasma membrane.
C)is the period of time when a strong stimulus can initiate a second action potential.
D)both a and b.
E)all of the above.
25
A subthreshold stimulus
A)produces an afterpotential.
B)produces a local potential.
C)causes an all-or-none response.
D)produces more action potentials than a submaximal stimulus.
26
Neurotransmitter substances are stored in vesicles that are located in specialized portions of the
A)neuron cell body.
B)axon.
C)dendrite.
D)postsynaptic membrane.
27
In a chemical synapse,
A)action potentials in the presynaptic terminal cause voltage-gated Ca2+ channels to open.
B)neurotransmitters can cause ligand-gated Na+ channels to open.
C)neurotransmitters can be broken down by enzymes.
D)neurotransmitters can be taken up by the presynaptic terminal.
E)all of the above.
28
An inhibitory presynaptic neuron can affect a postsynaptic neuron by
A)producing an IPSP in the postsynaptic neuron.
B)hyperpolarizing the plasma membrane of the postsynaptic neuron.
C)causing K+ to diffuse out of the postsynaptic neuron.
D)causing Cl- to diffuse into the postsynaptic neuron.
E)all of the above.
29
Summation
A)is caused by combining two or more local potentials.
B)occurs at the trigger zone of the postsynaptic neuron.
C)results in an action potential if it reaches the threshold potential.
D)can occur when two action potentials arrive in close succession at a single presynaptic terminal.
E)all of the above.
30
In convergent pathways,
A)the response of the postsynaptic neuron depends on the summation of EPSPs and IPSPs.
B)a smaller number of presynaptic neurons synapse with a larger number of postsynaptic neurons.
C)information transmitted in one neuronal pathway can go into two or more pathways.
D)all of the above.





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