1			Compared to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system secretes
			A)	acetylcholine only
			B)	norepinephrine only
			C)	acetylcholine or norepinephrine
			D)	acetylcholine or dopamine
2			Compared to the autonomic nervous system, receptors of the somatic nervous system include
			A)	nicotinic cholinergic receptors only
			B)	muscarinic cholinergic recetors only
			C)	nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors
			D)	cholinergic and nicotinic receptors
3			Compared to the somatic nervous system, which of the following describes the neuron arrangement from the central nervous system (CNS) to the effector in the autonomic nervous system?
			A)	one motor neuron extending from the CNS to the effector
			B)	two motor neurons in series
			C)	three motor neurons in series
			D)	four motor neurons in series
4			The sympathetic division is also referred to as the _______________ division.
			A)	afferent
			B)	craniosacral
			C)	somatic
			D)	thoracolumbar
5			The parasympathetic division is also referred to as the _______________ division.
			A)	afferent
			B)	craniosacral
			C)	somatic
			D)	thoracolumbar
6			Nerve fibers of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system originate in which of the following segments of the central nervous system?
			A)	brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord
			B)	cervical and thoracic regions of the spinal cord
			C)	lumbar and sacral regions of the spinal cord
			D)	thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

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7			Nerve fibers of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system originate in which of the following segments of the central nervous system?
			A)	brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord
			B)	cervical and thoracic regions of the spinal cord
			C)	lumbar and sacral regions of the spinal cord
			D)	thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
8			In which of the following cranial nerves do the parasympathetic preganglionic nerve fibers that innervate organs of the thorax and upper abdomen occur?
			A)	facial
			B)	glossopharyngeal
			C)	oculomotor
			D)	vagus
9			In which of the following segments do the parasympathetic preganglionic nerve fibers that send signals to organs within the pelvic cavity originate?
			A)	brainstem
			B)	cervical region of the spinal cord
			C)	sacral region of the spinal cord
			D)	thoracic region of the spinal cord

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10			Which of the following ganglia are associated with the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
			A)	collateral
			B)	paravertebral
			C)	sympathetic
			D)	terminal
11			Sympathetic preganglionic axons originate from neurons in the _______________ of the spinal cord.
			A)	anterior horns
			B)	lateral funiculi
			C)	lateral horns
			D)	posterior horns
12			After traveling a short distance in a spinal nerve sympathetic preganglionic axons exit the spinal nerve in a
			A)	gray ramus.
			B)	pelvic nerve.
			C)	sympathetic chain.
			D)	white ramus communicans.

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13			Which of the following indicates the correct path sympathetic nerve fibers take when leaving the spinal cord before returning to a spinal nerve on their way to stimulate arrector pili muscles and sweat glands in the skin? 1. white ramus 2. paravertebral ganglion 3. spinal nerve 4. ventral root 5. gray ramus
			A)	3-4-1-2-5
			B)	3-4-5-2-1
			C)	4-3-1-2-5
			D)	4-3-5-2-1
14			Parasympathetic preganglionic axons in pathways leading to visceral effectors in the head occur in each of the following cranial nerves EXCEPT the
			A)	facial nerves.
			B)	glossopharyngeal nerves.
			C)	oculomotor nerves.
			D)	vagus nerves.
15			Which of the following types of ganglia occur in chains on either side of the vertebral column?
			A)	collateral ganglia
			B)	paravertebral ganglia
			C)	prevertebral ganglia
			D)	terminal ganglia
16			Nerve fibers of the _______________ division of the autonomic nervous system arise from the brainstem and the sacral region of the spinal cord.
			A)	parasympathetic
			B)	somatic
			C)	sympathetic
			D)	thoracolumbar
17			Which of the following is true about the nerve fibers of sympathetic motor neurons?
			A)	Preganglionic fibers originate in the brainstem.
			B)	Preganglionic fibers originate in the sacral region of the spinal cord.
			C)	Preganglionic fibers exit the spinal cord in the ventral roots of spinal nerves.
			D)	Preganglionic fibers secrete the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.
18			Preganglionic axons of this division of the autonomic nervous system originate in the brainstem and from the sacral region of the spinal cord.
			A)	parasympathetic
			B)	somatic
			C)	sympathetic
			D)	thoracolumbar
19			All of the following are true about autonomic sympathetic nerve fibers EXCEPT
			A)	preganglionic fibers synapse within paravertebral or collateral ganglia.
			B)	preganglionic fibers begin in the brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord.
			C)	postganglionic nerve fibers return to spinal nerves by way of gray rami before extending to effectors.
			D)	preganglionic nerve fibers enter paravertebral ganglia after passing thorough white rami.
20			The parasympathetic fibers that control the secretion of saliva, tears and nasal secretions are conveyed in the
			A)	facial nerves.
			B)	glossopharyngeal nerves.
			C)	oculomotor nerves.
			D)	vagus nerves.
21			Parasympathetic fibers that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic cavity are conveyed in the _______________ nerve or arise from spinal nerves in the ______________ region.
			A)	glossopharyngeal; sacral
			B)	glossopharyngeal; thoracic
			C)	vagus; sacral
			D)	vagus; thoracic
22			Parasympathetic ganglia are located near the _______________ and are called ______________.
			A)	spinal cord; collateral ganglia.
			B)	spinal cord; paravertebral ganglia.
			C)	target organs; collateral ganglia.
			D)	target organs; terminal ganglia.
23			The facial nerves include parasympathetic fibers that regulate
			A)	contraction of arrector pili muscles.
			B)	constriction of the pupils.
			C)	secretion of saliva, tears and nasal secretions.
			D)	secretion of sweat by sweat glands.
24			Parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerves form each of the following autonomic plexuses EXCEPT the
			A)	cardiac.
			B)	esophageal.
			C)	inferior hypogastric.
			D)	pulmonary.
25			Which of the following autonomic plexuses is formed by parasympathetic fibers that arise from spinal nerves S2 to S4?
			A)	cardiac
			B)	esophageal
			C)	inferior hypogastric
			D)	pulmonary
26			Parasympathetic axons exit the brainstem in all of the following cranial nerves EXCEPT which of the following?
			A)	facial(VII)
			B)	hypoglossal(XII)
			C)	oculomotor(III)
			D)	vagus(X)
27			Sympathetic splanchnic nerves
			A)	carry sympathetic preganglionic axons to the adrenal medullae.
			B)	carry sympathetic preganglionic axons into a spinal nerve.
			C)	carry preganglionic sympathetic axons to collateral ganglia after they pass through the sympathetic chain ganglia without synapsing.
			D)	carry postganglionic sympathetic fibers from sympathetic chain ganglia to effector organs.
28			Sympathetic axons leave the sympathetic chain ganglia in all of the following EXCEPT
			A)	cranial nerves.
			B)	spinal nerves.
			C)	splanchnic nerves.
			D)	sympathetic nerves.
29			Which of the following is NOT a collateral ganglion of the sympathetic division?
			A)	celiac ganglion
			B)	inferior mesenteric ganglion
			C)	submandibular ganglion
			D)	superior mesenteric ganglion
30			Which of the following is a terminal ganglion of the parasympathetic division?
			A)	ciliary ganglion
			B)	celiac ganglion
			C)	inferior mesenteric ganglion
			D)	superior mesenteric ganglion
31			The axons of preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division synapse within _______________ ganglia.
			A)	collateral
			B)	paravertebral
			C)	sympathetic chain
			D)	terminal
32			Nicotinic receptors occur in the membranes of which of the following?
			A)	postganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons
			B)	postganglionic parasympathetic neurons and parasympathetic efffectors
			C)	postganglionic sympathetic neurons and sympathetic efffectors
			D)	parasympathetic and sympathetic effectors
33			Which of the following are NOT exclusively cholinergic neurons?
			A)	parasympathetic preganglionic
			B)	parasympathetic postganglionic
			C)	sympathetic preganglionic
			D)	sympathetic postganglionic
34			Which of the following are usually adrenergic neurons?
			A)	parasympathetic preganglionic
			B)	parasympathetic postganglionic
			C)	sympathetic preganglionic
			D)	sympathetic postganglionic
35			Nicotinic receptors in the autonomic nervous system are located in the membranes of
			A)	effector cells innervated by all postganglionic parasympathetic fibers.
			B)	effector cells innervated by all postganglionic sympathetic fibers.
			C)	effector cells innervated by the cholinergic postganglionic sympathetic fibers.
			D)	postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions.
36			Which of the following receptors occur in the membranes of target cells of sympathetic postganglionic neurons?
			A)	alpha and beta adrenergic
			B)	muscarinic cholinergic
			C)	nicotinic cholinergic
			D)	alpha or beta adrenergic or muscarinic cholinergic
37			Which of the following receptors occur in the membranes of target cells of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?
			A)	alpha and beta adrenergic
			B)	muscarinic cholinergic
			C)	nicotinic cholinergic
			D)	alpha or beta adrenergic or muscarinic cholinergic
38			Which of these receptors occur in the membranes of sympathetic postganglionic neurons?
			A)	alpha and beta adrenergic
			B)	muscarinic cholinergic
			C)	nicotinic cholinergic
			D)	alpha or beta adrenergic or muscarinic cholinergic
39			Acetylcholine is always the neurotransmitter employed by each of the following EXCEPT
			A)	parasympathetic preganglionic neurons.
			B)	parasympathetic postganglionic neurons.
			C)	sympathetic preganglionic neurons.
			D)	sympathetic postganglionic neurons.
40			Norepinephrine is usually the neurotransmitter employed by
			A)	parasympathetic preganglionic neurons.
			B)	parasympathetic postganglionic neurons.
			C)	sympathetic preganglionic neurons.
			D)	sympathetic postganglionic neurons.
41			What type of receptors occur in the membranes of the adrenal medulla cells that respond to sympathetic stimulation by secreting the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine?
			A)	alpha adrenergic
			B)	beta adrenergic
			C)	muscarinic cholinergic
			D)	nicotinic cholinergic
42			Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors occur in each of the following locations except the membranes of
			A)	parasympathetic effector cells.
			B)	postganglionic parasympathetic neurons.
			C)	postganglionic sympathetic neurons.
			D)	skeletal muscle fibers.
43			The neurotransmitter acetylcholine binds to
			A)	alpha receptors.
			B)	beta receptors.
			C)	alpha and beta receptors.
			D)	nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.
44			Which effectors would be stimulated after consumption of nicotine?
			A)	parasympathetic postganglionic neurons only
			B)	sympathetic postganglionic neurons only
			C)	both parasympathetic and sympathetic postganglionic neurons
			D)	neither parasympathetic neither/nor sympathetic postganglionic neurons
45			Because it selectively activates beta receptors, which of the following drugs is used to dilate bronchioles in respiratory disorders such as asthma?
			A)	albuterol
			B)	atropine
			C)	phenylephrine
			D)	propranolol
46			Which of the following is a parasympathetic blocking agent used to dilate the pupils during an eye examination?
			A)	albuterol
			B)	atropine
			C)	phenylephrine
			D)	propranolol
47			Which of the following types of neurons is least likely to be cholinergic?
			A)	parasympathetic postganglionic
			B)	parasympathetic preganglionic
			C)	sympathetic postganglionic
			D)	sympathetic preganglionic
48			The binding of acetylcholine to muscarinic receptors results in
			A)	an increase in heart rate.
			B)	an increase in intestinal motility.
			C)	contraction of skeletal muscles.
			D)	dilation of bronchioles in the lungs.
49			The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system have antagonistic effects on each of the following EXCEPT
			A)	contraction of the urinary bladder.
			B)	heart rate.
			C)	the diameter of blood vessels in skeletal muscles.
			D)	the diameter of bronchioles in the lungs.
50			The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system have antagonistic effects on which of the following?
			A)	contraction of the urinary bladder
			B)	gastrointestinal motility
			C)	sweating
			D)	the diameter of blood vessels in skeletal muscles
51			_______________ stimulation leads to dilation of the pupils of the eyes and _______________ stimulation leads to constriction of the pupils.
			A)	Increased parasympathetic; decreased parasympathetic
			B)	Increased sympathetic; decreased sympathetic
			C)	Parasympathetic; sympathetic
			D)	Sympathetic; parasympathetic
52			The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system have antagonistic effects on each of the following EXCEPT
			A)	the diameter of blood vessels in skeletal muscles.
			B)	the diameter of bronchioles in the lungs.
			C)	gastrointestinal peristalsis.
			D)	heart rate.
53			During stress the sympathetic division of the ANS would cause each of the following EXCEPT
			A)	bronchodilation
			B)	constriction of arteries to the gastrointestinal tract.
			C)	contraction of the urinary bladder.
			D)	dilation of arteries in skeletal muscles and the heart.
54			Which of the following is NOT a parasympathetic effect?
			A)	constriction of the pupils of the eyes
			B)	contraction of the urinary bladder
			C)	decreased heart rate
			D)	dilation of the bronchioles in the lungs
55			Which of the following is a sympathetic effect?
			A)	constriction of the pupils of the eyes
			B)	constriction of the bronchioles in the lungs
			C)	contraction of the urinary bladder
			D)	increased heart rate
56			The parasympathetic fibers that control the muscles involved in constriction of the pupils in response to a bright light shined in eyes are conveyed in the
			A)	facial nerves.
			B)	glossopharyngeal nerves.
			C)	oculomotor nerves.
			D)	vagus nerves.
57			The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system normally controls target cells with ____ receptors.
			A)	nicotinic and muscarinic
			B)	all alpha and beta
			C)	alpha 1 and beta 1
			D)	alpha 2 and beta 2
58			Which of the following brain areas is the most important integrating center for autonomic nervous system functions?
			A)	hypothalamus
			B)	midbrain
			C)	pons
			D)	thalamus
59			Each of the following areas of the central nervous system serves as an integrating center for autonomic nervous system functions EXCEPT the
			A)	hypothalamus.
			B)	reticular formation in the brainstem.
			C)	spinal cord.
			D)	thalamus.
60			All of the following are true about the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system EXCEPT which one?
			A)	Preganglionic fibers are relatively long.
			B)	Preganglionic and postganglionic neurons synapse in terminal ganglia.
			C)	Nerve fibers arise from the brainstem or sacral region of the spinal cord.
			D)	Each preganglionic neuron synapses with as many as 17 postganglionic neurons.
61			Which of the following is NOT true about the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
			A)	Fibers arise from spinal nerves in the thoracic and lumbar regions.
			B)	Preganglionic fibers are short.
			C)	Preganglionic and postganglionic neurons synapse in paravertebral or prevertebral ganglia.
			D)	Effects on target organs are specific and local.
62			Which of the following is NOT true about the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
			A)	Postganglionic fibers are unmyelinated.
			B)	Stimulation affects several organs at the same time resulting in generalized effects.
			C)	Preganglionic fibers are relatively long.
			D)	Preganglionic and postganglionic neurons synapse in terminal ganglia.
63			A decrease in blood pressure is detected by _______________ in the common carotid arteries and leads to a _______________ reflex that stimulates an increase in the heart rate and force of contraction.
			A)	baroreceptors; parasympathetic
			B)	baroreceptors; sympathetic
			C)	nociceptors; parasympathetic
			D)	nociceptors; sympathetic