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Review and Comprehension Quiz
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1
When comparing the endocrine system and the nervous system, generally speaking, the endocrine system
A)is faster-acting than the nervous system.
B)produces effects that are of shorter duration.
C)uses amplitude-modulated signals.
D)produces more localized effects.
E)relies less on chemical signals.
2
A chemical signal released from a cell that has a local effect on the same cell type from which the chemical signal is released is a(n)
A)paracrine chemical signal.
B)pheromone.
C)autocrine chemical signal.
D)hormone.
E)intracellular mediator.
3
Given this list of molecule types:
1. nucleic acid derivatives
2. fatty acid derivatives
3. polypeptides
4. proteins
5. phospholipids
Which could be hormone molecules?
A)1,2,3
B)2,3,4
C)1,2,3,4
D)2,3,4,5
E)1,2,3,4,5
4
Which of these regulates secretion of a hormone from an endocrine tissue?
A)other hormones
B)negative-feedback mechanisms
C)nonhormone substance in the blood
D)the nervous system
E)all of the above
5
Hormones are released into the blood
A)at relatively constant levels.
B)in large amounts in response to a stimulus.
C)increasing and decreasing in a cyclic fashion.
D)all of the above.
6
Lipid-soluble hormones readily diffuse through capillary walls, whereas water-soluble hormones, such as proteins, must
A)pass through capillary cells.
B)pass through pores in the capillary endothelium.
C)be moved out of the capillary by active transport.
D)remain in the blood.
E)be broken down to amino acids before leaving the blood.
7
Concerning the half-life of hormones,
A)lipid-soluble hormones generally have a longer half-life.
B)hormones with shorter half-lives regulate activities with a slow onset and long duration.
C)hormones with a shorter half-life are maintained at more constant levels in the blood.
D)lipid-soluble hormones are degraded rapidly by enzymes in the circulatory system.
E)water-soluble hormones usually combine with plasma proteins.
8
Given these observations:
1. A hormone will affect only a specific tissue (not all tissues).
2. A tissue can respond to more than one hormone.
3. Some tissues respond rapidly to a hormone, whereas others take many hours to respond.
Which of these observations can be explained by the characteristics of hormone receptors?
A)1
B)1,2
C)2,3
D)1,3
E)1,2,3
9
Which of these is not a means by which hormones are eliminated from the circulatory system?
A)excreted into urine or bile
B)bound to plasma proteins
C)metabolism (enzymatically degraded in the blood)
D)actively transported into cells
E)conjugated with sulfate or glucuronic acid
10
Down-regulation
A)produces a decrease in the number of receptors in the target cells.
B)produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cells to a hormone.
C)is found in target cells that respond to hormones that are maintained at constant levels.
D)occurs partly because of an increase in receptor synthesis by the target cell.
E)all of the above.
11
A chemical signal
A)can function as an enzyme.
B)is also a G protein.
C)can bind to a receptor site.
D)is an intracellular mediator.
E)all of the above.
12
Activated G proteins can
A)cause ion channels to open or close.
B)activate adenylate cyclase.
C)inhibit the synthesis of cAMP.
D)alter the activity of IP3.
E)all of the above.
13
Given these events:
1. GTP is converted to GDP.
2. The a subunit separates from b the and g units.
3. GDP is released from the a subunit.
List the order in which the events occur after a chemical signal binds to a membrane-bound receptor.
A)1,2,3
B)1,3,2
C)2,3,1
D)3,2,1
E)3,1,2
14
Which of these can limit the response of a cell to a chemical signal?
A)phosphodiesterase
B)converting GTP to GDP
C)decreasing the number of receptors
D)blocking binding sites
E)all of the above
15
Given these events:
1. Na+ channels open.
2. Na+ channels close.
3. The plasma membrane depolarizes.
4. The plasma membrane hyperpolarizes.
Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur after serotonin binds to its receptor.
A)1,3
B)1,4
C)2,3
D)2,4
16
Given these events:
1. The a subunit of a G protein interacts with Ca2+ channels.
2. Ca2+ diffuse into the cell.
3. The a subunit of a G protein is activated.
Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur after a chemical signal combines with a receptor on a smooth muscle cell.
A)1,2,3
B)1,3,2
C)2,1,3
D)3,1,2
E)3,2,1
17
Given these events:
1. cAMP is synthesized.
2. The a subunit of G protein is activated.
3. Phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP.
Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur after a chemical signal binds to a receptor.
A)1,2,3
B)1,3,2
C)2,1,3
D)2,3,1
E)3,2,1
18
Which of these events can occur after a G protein activates phospholipase C?
A)DAG and IP3 are synthesized from PIP2.
B)IP3 causes Ca2+ channels to open.
C)DAG activates enzymes that synthesize prostaglandins.
D)All of the above.
19
When a chemical signal binds to an intracellular receptor
A)DNA produces mRNA.
B)G proteins are activated.
C)the receptor-hormone complex causes ion channels to open or close.
D)the cell's response is faster than when a chemical signal binds to a membrane-bound receptor.
E)the chemical signal is usually a large, water-soluble molecule.
20
Given these events:
1. activation of cAMP
2. activation of genes
3. enzyme activity altered
Which of these events can occur when a hormone binds to an intracellular hormone receptor?
A)1
B)1,2
C)2,3
D)1,2,3







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