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| 1 | |
The hypothalamohypophysial portal system connects the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary. Why is such a special circulatory system advantageous? |
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| 2 | |
The secretion of ADH can be affected by exposure to hot or cold environmental temperatures. Predict the effect of a hot environment on ADH secretion, and explain why it is advantageous. Propose a mechanism by which temperature produces a change in ADH secretion. |
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| 3 | |
A patient exhibits polydipsia (thirst), polyuria (excess urine production), and urine with a low specific gravity (contains few ions and no glucose). If you want to reverse the symptoms, would you administer insulin, glucagon, ADH, or aldosterone? Explain. |
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| 4 | |
A patient complains of headaches and visual disturbances. A casual glance reveals that the patient's finger bones are enlarged in diameter, a heavy deposition of bone exists over the eyes, and the patient has a prominent jaw. The doctor tells you that the headaches and visual disturbances result from increased pressure within the skull and that the patient is suffering from a pituitary tumor that is affecting hormone secretion. Name the hormone that is causing the problem, and explain why an increase in pressure exists within the skull. |
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| 5 | |
Most laboratories have the ability to determine blood levels of TSH, T3, and T4. Given that ability, design a method of determining whether hyperthyroidism in a patient results from a pituitary abnormality or from the production of a nonpituitary thyroid stimulatory substance. |
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| 6 | |
An anatomy and physiology instructor asks two students to predict a patient's response to chronic vitamin D deficiency. One student claims that the person would suffer from hypocalcemia and the symptoms associated with that condition. The other student claims that calcium levels would remain within their normal range, although at the low end of the range, and that bone resorption would occur to the point that advanced osteomalacia might be seen. With whom do you agree, and why? |
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| 7 | |
Given the ability to measure blood glucose levels, design an experiment that distinguishes between a person with diabetes, a healthy person, and a person who has a pancreatic tumor that
secretes large amounts of insulin. |
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| 8 | |
A patient arrives in an unconscious condition. A medical emergency bracelet reveals that he has diabetes. The patient can be in diabetic coma or insulin shock. How could you tell which, and what treatment would you recommend for each condition? |
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| 9 | |
Diabetes mellitus can result from a lack of insulin, which results in hyperglycemia. Adrenal diabetes and pituitary diabetes also produce hyperglycemia. What hormones produce the last two conditions? |
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| 10 | |
Predict some of the consequences of exposure to intense and prolonged stress. |
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