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1 | | The pituitary gland |
| | A) | develops from the floor of the brain. |
| | B) | develops from the roof of the mouth. |
| | C) | is stimulated by neurohormones produced in the midbrain. |
| | D) | secretes only three major hormones. |
| | E) | both a and b. |
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2 | | The hypothalamohypophysial portal system |
| | A) | contains one capillary bed. |
| | B) | carries hormones from the anterior pituitary to the body. |
| | C) | carries hormones from the posterior pituitary to the body. |
| | D) | carries hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. |
| | E) | carries hormones from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary. |
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3 | | Which of these hormones is not a hormone that is secreted into the hypothalamohypophysial portal system? |
| | A) | GHRH |
| | B) | TRH |
| | C) | PIH |
| | D) | GnRH |
| | E) | ACTH |
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4 | | Hormones secreted from the posterior pituitary |
| | A) | are produced in the anterior pituitary. |
| | B) | are transported to the posterior pituitary within axons. |
| | C) | include GH and TSH. |
| | D) | are steroids. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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5 | | Which of these stimulates the secretion of ADH? |
| | A) | elevated blood osmolality |
| | B) | decreased blood osmolality |
| | C) | releasing hormones from the hypothalamus |
| | D) | ACTH |
| | E) | increased blood pressure |
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6 | | Oxytocin is responsible for |
| | A) | preventing milk release from the mammary glands. |
| | B) | preventing goiter. |
| | C) | causing contraction of the uterus. |
| | D) | maintaining normal calcium levels. |
| | E) | increasing metabolic rate. |
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7 | | Growth hormone |
| | A) | increases the usage of glucose. |
| | B) | increases the breakdown of lipids. |
| | C) | decreases the synthesis of proteins. |
| | D) | decreases the synthesis of glycogen. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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8 | | Which of these hormones stimulates somatomedin secretion? |
| | A) | FSH |
| | B) | GH |
| | C) | LH |
| | D) | Prolactin |
| | E) | TSH |
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9 | | Hypersecretion of growth hormone |
| | A) | results in giantism if it occurs in children. |
| | B) | causes acromegaly in adults. |
| | C) | increases the probability that one will develop diabetes. |
| | D) | can lead to severe atherosclerosis. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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10 | | LH and FSH |
| | A) | are produced in the hypothalamus. |
| | B) | production is increased by TSH. |
| | C) | promote the production of gametes and reproductive hormones. |
| | D) | inhibit the production of prolactin. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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11 | | T3 and T4 |
| | A) | require iodine for their production. |
| | B) | are made from the amino acid tyrosine. |
| | C) | are transported in the blood bound to thyroxine-binding globulin. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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12 | | Which of these symptoms is associated with hyposecretion of the thyroid gland? |
| | A) | hypertension |
| | B) | nervousness |
| | C) | diarrhea |
| | D) | weight loss with a normal or increased food intake |
| | E) | decreased metabolic rate |
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13 | | Which of these conditions most likely occurs if a healthy person receives an injection of T3 and T4? |
| | A) | The secretion rate of TSH declines. |
| | B) | The person develops symptoms of hypothyroidism. |
| | C) | The person develops hypercalcemia. |
| | D) | The person secretes more TRH. |
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14 | | Which of these occurs as a response to a thyroidectomy (removal of the thyroid gland)? |
| | A) | increased calcitonin secretion |
| | B) | increased T3 and T4 secretion |
| | C) | decreased TRH secretion |
| | D) | increased TSH secretion |
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15 | | Choose the statement that most accurately predicts the long-term effect of a substance that prevents active transport of iodide by the thyroid gland. |
| | A) | Large amounts of T3 and T4 accumulate within the thyroid follicles, but little is released. |
| | B) | The person exhibits hypothyroidism. |
| | C) | The anterior pituitary secretes smaller amounts of TSH. |
| | D) | The circulating levels of T3 and T4 increase. |
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16 | | Calcitonin |
| | A) | is secreted by the parathyroid glands. |
| | B) | levels increase when blood calcium levels decrease. |
| | C) | causes blood calcium levels to decrease. |
| | D) | insufficiency results in weak bones and tetany. |
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17 | | Parathyroid hormone secretion increases in response to |
| | A) | a decrease in blood calcium levels. |
| | B) | increased production of parathyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary. |
| | C) | increased secretion of parathyroid-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus. |
| | D) | increased secretion of calcitonin. |
| | E) | a decrease in secretion of ACTH. |
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18 | | If parathyroid hormone levels increase, which of these conditions is expected? |
| | A) | Osteoclast activity is increased. |
| | B) | Calcium absorption from the small intestine is inhibited. |
| | C) | Calcium reabsorption from the urine is inhibited. |
| | D) | Less active vitamin D is formed in the kidneys. |
| | E) | All of the above. |
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19 | | The adrenal medulla |
| | A) | produces steroids. |
| | B) | has cortisol as its major secretory product. |
| | C) | decreases its secretions during exercise. |
| | D) | is formed from a modified portion of the sympathetic division of the ANS. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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20 | | Pheochromocytoma is a condition in which a benign tumor results in hypersecretion of the adrenal medulla. The symptoms that one would expect include |
| | A) | hypotension. |
| | B) | bradycardia. |
| | C) | pallor (decreased blood flow to the skin). |
| | D) | lethargy. |
| | E) | hypoglycemia. |
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21 | | Which of these is not a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex? |
| | A) | aldosterone |
| | B) | androgens |
| | C) | cortisol |
| | D) | epinephrine |
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22 | | If aldosterone secretions increase |
| | A) | blood potassium levels increase. |
| | B) | blood hydrogen levels increase. |
| | C) | acidosis results. |
| | D) | blood sodium levels decrease. |
| | E) | blood volume increases. |
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23 | | Glucocorticoids (cortisol) |
| | A) | increase the breakdown of fats. |
| | B) | increase the breakdown of proteins. |
| | C) | increase blood glucose levels. |
| | D) | decrease inflammation. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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24 | | The release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex is regulated by other hormones. Which of these hormones is correctly matched with its origin and function? |
| | A) | CRHsecreted by the hypothalamus; stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol |
| | B) | CRHsecreted by the anterior pituitary; stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol |
| | C) | ACTHsecreted by the hypothalamus; stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol |
| | D) | ACTHsecreted by the anterior pituitary; stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol |
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25 | | Which of these would be expected in Cushing's syndrome? |
| | A) | loss of hair in women |
| | B) | deposition of fat in the face, neck, and abdomen |
| | C) | low blood glucose |
| | D) | low blood pressure |
| | E) | all of the above |
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26 | | Within the pancreas, the pancreatic islets produce |
| | A) | insulin. |
| | B) | glucagon. |
| | C) | digestive enzymes. |
| | D) | both a and b. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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27 | | Insulin increases |
| | A) | the uptake of glucose by its target tissues. |
| | B) | the breakdown of protein. |
| | C) | the breakdown of fats. |
| | D) | glycogen breakdown in the liver. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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28 | | Which of these tissues is least affected by insulin? |
| | A) | adipose tissue |
| | B) | heart |
| | C) | skeletal muscle |
| | D) | brain |
| | E) | liver |
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29 | | Glucagon |
| | A) | primarily affects the liver. |
| | B) | causes glycogen to be stored. |
| | C) | causes blood glucose levels to decrease. |
| | D) | decreases fat metabolism. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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30 | | When blood glucose levels increase, the secretion of which of these hormones increases? |
| | A) | glucagon |
| | B) | insulin |
| | C) | GH |
| | D) | cortisol |
| | E) | epinephrine |
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31 | | If a person who has diabetes mellitus forgot to take an insulin injection, symptoms that may soon appear include |
| | A) | acidosis. |
| | B) | hyperglycemia. |
| | C) | increased urine production. |
| | D) | lethargy and fatigue. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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32 | | Which of these is not a hormone produced by the ovaries? |
| | A) | estrogen |
| | B) | progesterone |
| | C) | prolactin |
| | D) | inhibin |
| | E) | relaxin |
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33 | | Melatonin |
| | A) | is produced by the posterior pituitary. |
| | B) | production increases as day length increases. |
| | C) | inhibits the development of the reproductive system. |
| | D) | increases GnRH secretion from the hypothalamus. |
| | E) | decreases the tendency to sleep. |
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34 | | Which of these substances, produced by many tissues of the body, can promote inflammation, pain, and vasodilation of blood vessels? |
| | A) | endorphin |
| | B) | enkephalin |
| | C) | thymosin |
| | D) | epidermal growth factor |
| | E) | prostaglandin |
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35 | | Which of the changes listed does not decrease with aging of the endocrine system? |
| | A) | GH secretion |
| | B) | melatonin secretion |
| | C) | thyroid hormone secretion |
| | D) | parathyroid hormone secretion |
| | E) | renin secretion by the kidneys |
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