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1 | | Which of these statements about the lymphatic system is (are) true? |
| | A) | In the spleen, reticular cells form a blood-splenic barrier. |
| | B) | The thymus is an important filter for lymphatic fluid. |
| | C) | The tonsils are areas of diffuse lymphatic tissue that increase in size with age. |
| | D) | The spleen filters blood, removing microorganisms and other foreign substances. |
| | E) | all of these are true |
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2 | | The tonsils that are referred to as "the tonsils" are the |
| | A) | lingual tonsils. |
| | B) | palatine tonsils. |
| | C) | pyloric tonsils. |
| | D) | pharyngeal tonsils. |
| | E) | splenic tonsils. |
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3 | | Which of these is NOT a location for aggregations of lymph nodes? |
| | A) | axillary (armpit) region |
| | B) | cervical region |
| | C) | inguinal (groin) region |
| | D) | around the heart |
| | E) | around the intestines |
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4 | | Lymph nodes |
| | A) | contain red and white pulp. |
| | B) | have germinal centers where lymphocytes divide. |
| | C) | filter the blood. |
| | D) | are attached to blood vessels. |
| | E) | pump lymph toward the heart. |
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5 | | Lymphatic organs |
| | A) | contain many neutrophils. |
| | B) | may filter blood or lymph. |
| | C) | contain dense collagen fibers. |
| | D) | include the pancreas and adrenal glands. |
| | E) | all of these |
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6 | | The spleen |
| | A) | has white pulp that is associated with the venous supply. |
| | B) | has red pulp that is associated with the arterial supply. |
| | C) | filters lymph and puts it back in the blood. |
| | D) | acts as a blood reservoir. |
| | E) | destroys worn-out lymphocytes. |
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7 | | The thymus |
| | A) | decreases in size in older adults. |
| | B) | produces neutrophils that move to other tissues. |
| | C) | responds to foreign substances in the blood. |
| | D) | produces a hormone called lymphopathin. |
| | E) | all of these |
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8 | | With innate immunity, |
| | A) | each time the body is exposed to a substance, the response is the same. |
| | B) | specificity and memory are involved. |
| | C) | the body may become immune to a disease. |
| | D) | antibodies may be produced. |
| | E) | all of these |
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9 | | Which of the following is a protective chemical that lyses cells, found on the surface of cells and in tears and saliva? |
| | A) | complement |
| | B) | interferon |
| | C) | lysozyme |
| | D) | mucus |
| | E) | sebum |
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10 | | A(n) __________ is a group of 20 proteins activated by a series of reactions, in which one activated chemical then activates another; and promotes inflammation, phagocytosis, and cell lysis. |
| | A) | complement |
| | B) | interferon |
| | C) | lysozyme |
| | D) | mucus |
| | E) | sebum |
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11 | | Which of the following is a protein that interferes with virus production, and is produced by most cells in response to a viral infection? |
| | A) | complement |
| | B) | interferon |
| | C) | lysozyme |
| | D) | mucus |
| | E) | sebum |
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12 | | Which of these chemical mediators does NOT promote inflammation? |
| | A) | complement |
| | B) | histamines |
| | C) | leukotrienes |
| | D) | interferon |
| | E) | prostaglandins |
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13 | | The most important phagocytes are |
| | A) | lymphocytes and basophils. |
| | B) | basophils and mast cells. |
| | C) | neutrophils and basophils. |
| | D) | neutrophils and macrophages. |
| | E) | macrophages and lymphocytes. |
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14 | | Neutrophils |
| | A) | seldom leave the blood. |
| | B) | are usually the last cells to enter infected tissue. |
| | C) | enlarge to become macrophages. |
| | D) | often die after a single phagocytic episode. |
| | E) | all of these |
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15 | | Dust cells, microglia, and Kupffer cells are examples of |
| | A) | basophils. |
| | B) | eosinophils. |
| | C) | lymphocytes. |
| | D) | macrophages. |
| | E) | neutrophils. |
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16 | | Natural killer cells |
| | A) | are a type of macrophage. |
| | B) | exhibit no memory response. |
| | C) | recognize cells infected by a specific virus. |
| | D) | are produced in the thymus. |
| | E) | all of these |
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17 | | Which cells release enzymes that break down chemical mediators released by other cells? |
| | A) | basophils |
| | B) | eosinophils |
| | C) | lymphocytes |
| | D) | macrophages |
| | E) | neutrophils |
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18 | | In addition to the symptoms of local inflammation, systemic inflammation results in the |
| | A) | production of large numbers of neutrophils from red bone marrow. |
| | B) | production of pyrogens. |
| | C) | loss of large amounts of fluid from the blood. |
| | D) | all of these |
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19 | | Which of these results occur in response to the release of chemical mediators? |
| | A) | vasodilation |
| | B) | chemotactic attraction of phagocytes |
| | C) | increased vascular permeability |
| | D) | redness and swelling |
| | E) | all of these |
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20 | | Substances that stimulate adaptive immunity are called |
| | A) | antibodies. |
| | B) | antigens. |
| | C) | pyrogens. |
| | D) | chemical mediators. |
| | E) | phagocytes. |
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21 | | Which of these is an example of a self-antigen? |
| | A) | bacterial antigen |
| | B) | viral antigen |
| | C) | pollen antigen |
| | D) | food antigen |
| | E) | tumor antigen |
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22 | | Antibodies |
| | A) | prevent antigens from binding together. |
| | B) | promote phagocytosis. |
| | C) | inhibit inflammation. |
| | D) | block complement activation. |
| | E) | prevent breakdown of foreign antigens. |
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23 | | An antibody molecule |
| | A) | has three polypeptide chains. |
| | B) | has both heavy and light chains. |
| | C) | has a variable region that can bind to complement. |
| | D) | has a constant region that binds to antigens. |
| | E) | is the same thing as an MHC molecule. |
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24 | | Which antibody accounts for 80-85% of serum antibodies, can cross the placenta, and is responsible for Rh reactions? |
| | A) | IgA |
| | B) | IgD |
| | C) | IgE |
| | D) | IgG |
| | E) | IgM |
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25 | | T cells |
| | A) | are processed in the thymus. |
| | B) | are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity. |
| | C) | originate in the spleen. |
| | D) | produce antibodies when activated. |
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26 | | The activation of B cells |
| | A) | occurs in the process of innate immunity. |
| | B) | results in the production of cytotoxic cells. |
| | C) | results in the production of antibodies. |
| | D) | occurs when macrophages release cytokines. |
| | E) | all of these |
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27 | | B cells |
| | A) | are stimulated by helper T cells. |
| | B) | are produced in the thymus. |
| | C) | release cytokines. |
| | D) | cause cell lysis. |
| | E) | all of these |
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28 | | The activation of T cells can result in |
| | A) | lysis of virus-infected cells. |
| | B) | production of memory T cells. |
| | C) | production of lymphokines. |
| | D) | delayed hypersensitivity reactions. |
| | E) | all of these |
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29 | | Given these events that are part of helper T cell activation:
1. interleukin-1 released by macrophage (costimulation)
2. antigen processed by macrophage
3. helper T cell binds to macrophage
4. helper T cell releases interleukin-2 and divides
5. antigen displayed on MHC molecule
Arrange the events in the order that they occur as an antigen is recognized and a helper T cell is activated. |
| | A) | 1,4,2,5,3 |
| | B) | 2,5,3,1,4, |
| | C) | 3,1,4,2,5 |
| | D) | 4,2,5,3,1 |
| | E) | 5,3,1,4,2 |
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30 | | MHC molecules are |
| | A) | cell-surface glycoproteins that display antigens. |
| | B) | proteins found in the mitochondria of a cell. |
| | C) | areas of a macrophage that produce interleukin. |
| | D) | specific regions of a given antigen that activate a lymphocyte. |
| | E) | chemicals produced by helper T cells. |
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31 | | MHC class II molecules |
| | A) | are found on all cells. |
| | B) | are found on antigen-presenting cells. |
| | C) | usually display self-antigens. |
| | D) | cannot combine with other antigens. |
| | E) | both a and c |
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32 | | __________ are responsible for the secondary antibody response. |
| | A) | Memory B cells |
| | B) | Plasma B cells |
| | C) | Helper T cells |
| | D) | Natural killer cells |
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33 | | As the result of a bee sting, Joe B. Hive had an immediate severe reaction, and nearly died. This reaction was caused by |
| | A) | B cells. |
| | B) | T cells. |
| | C) | natural killer cells. |
| | D) | macrophages. |
| | E) | neutrophils. |
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34 | | The antigen-presenting cells that are required for the activation of B cells are |
| | A) | B cells. |
| | B) | macrophages. |
| | C) | dendritic cells. |
| | D) | monocytes. |
| | E) | mast cells. |
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35 | | Interleukins and CD4, B7, and CD28 proteins are all involved in |
| | A) | innate immunity. |
| | B) | costimulation of helper T cells. |
| | C) | suppressing B cell or T cell activity. |
| | D) | inflammation. |
| | E) | production of T cells in the spleen. |
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36 | | B cells are involved in |
| | A) | only adaptive immunity. |
| | B) | only innate immunity. |
| | C) | both adaptive and innate immunity. |
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37 | | Neutrophils are involved in |
| | A) | only adaptive immunity. |
| | B) | only innate immunity. |
| | C) | both adaptive and innate immunity. |
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38 | | Complement is involved in |
| | A) | only adaptive immunity. |
| | B) | only innate immunity. |
| | C) | both adaptive and innate immunity |
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39 | | A vaccination is a way of acquiring |
| | A) | passive natural immunity. |
| | B) | active natural immunity. |
| | C) | active artificial immunity. |
| | D) | passive artificial immunity. |
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40 | | Antiserum is used to produce |
| | A) | active natural immunity. |
| | B) | active artificial immunity. |
| | C) | passive natural immunity. |
| | D) | passive artificial immunity. |
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