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Review and Comprehension Quiz
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1
Which of these is not a function of bone?
A)internal support and protection
B)provides attachment for the muscles
C)calcium and phosphate storage
D)blood cell production
E)vitamin D storage
2
The extracellular matrix for hyaline cartilage
A)is produced by chondroblasts.
B)contains collagen.
C)contains proteoglycans.
D)is usually covered by the perichondrium.
E)all of the above.
3
Chondrocytes are mature cartilage cells found within the _______________, and they are derived from _______________.
A)perichondrium, fibroblasts
B)perichondrium, chondroblasts
C)lacunae, fibroblasts
D)lacunae, chondroblasts
4
Which of these statements concerning cartilage is correct?
A)Cartilage often occurs in thin plates or sheets.
B)Chondrocytes receive nutrients and oxygen from blood vessels in the matrix.
C)Articular cartilage has a thick perichondrium layer.
D)The perichondrium has both chondrocytes and osteocytes.
E)Appositional growth of cartilage occurs when chondrocytes within the tissue add more matrix from the inside.
5
A fracture in the shaft of a bone is a break in the
A)epiphysis.
B)perichondrium.
C)diaphysis.
D)articular cartilage.
6
Yellow marrow is
A)found mostly in children's bones.
B)associated mostly with flat bones.
C)found in the epiphyseal plate.
D)important for blood cell production.
E)mostly adipose tissue.
7
The periosteum
A)is an epithelial tissue membrane.
B)covers the outer and internal surfaces of bone.
C)contains only osteoblasts.
D)becomes continuous with collagen fibers of tendons or ligaments.
E)has a single fibrous layer.
8
Which of these substances makes up the major portion of bone?
A)collagen
B)hydroxyapatite
C)proteoglycan aggregates
D)osteocytes
E)osteoblasts
9
The flexible strength of bone occurs because of
A)osteoclasts.
B)ligaments.
C)hydroxyapatite.
D)collagen fibers.
E)periosteum.
10
The prime function of osteoclasts is to
A)prevent osteoblasts from forming.
B)become osteocytes.
C)break down bone.
D)secrete calcium salts and collagen fibers.
E)form the periosteum.
11
Osteochondral progenitor cells
A)can become osteoblasts or chondroblasts.
B)are derived from mesenchymal stem cells.
C)are located in the perichondrium, periosteum, and endosteum.
D)do not produce osteoclasts.
E)all of the above.
12
Lamellar bone
A)is mature bone.
B)is remodeled to form woven bone.
C)is the first type of bone formed during early fetal development.
D)has collagen fibers randomly oriented in many directions.
E)all of the above.
13
Central canals
A)connect perforating canals to canaliculi.
B)connect cancellous bone to compact bone.
C)are where blood cells are produced.
D)are found only in cancellous bone.
E)are lined with periosteum.
14
The type of lamellae found in osteons is _______________ lamellae.
A)circumferential
B)concentric
C)interstitial
15
Cancellous bone consists of interconnecting rods or plates of bone called
A)osteons.
B)canaliculi.
C)circumferential lamellae.
D)a haversian system.
E)trabeculae.
16
Given these events:
1. Osteochondral progenitor cells become osteoblasts.
2. Connective tissue membrane is formed.
3. Osteoblasts produce woven bone.
Which sequence best describes intramembranous bone formation?
A)1,2,3
B)1,3,2
C)2,1,3
D)2,3,1
E)3,2,1
17
Given these processes:
1. Chondrocytes die.
2. Cartilage matrix calcifies.
3. Chondrocytes hypertrophy.
4. Osteoblasts deposit bone.
5. Blood vessels grow into lacunae.
Which sequence best represents the order in which they occur during endochondral bone formation?
A)3,2,1,4,5
B)3,2,1,5,4
C)5,2,3,4,1
D)3,2,5,1,4
E)3,5,2,4,1
18
Intramembranous bone formation
A)occurs at the epiphyseal plate.
B)is responsible for growth in diameter of a bone.
C)gives rise to the flat bones of the skull.
D)occurs within a hyaline cartilage model.
E)produces articular cartilage in the long bones.
19
The ossification regions formed during early fetal development
A)are secondary ossification centers.
B)become articular cartilage.
C)become medullary cavities.
D)become the epiphyses.
E)are primary ossification centers.
20
Growth in the length of a long bone occurs
A)at the primary ossification center.
B)beneath the periosteum.
C)at the center of the diaphysis.
D)at the epiphyseal plate.
E)at the epiphyseal line.
21
During growth in length of a long bone, cartilage is formed and then ossified. The location of the ossification is the zone of
A)calcification.
B)hypertrophy.
C)proliferation.
D)resting cartilage.
22
Given these processes:
1. An osteon is produced.
2. Osteoblasts from the periosteum form a series of ridges.
3. The periosteum becomes the endosteum.
4. Osteoblasts lay down bone to produce a concentric lamella.
5. Grooves are changed into tunnels.
Which sequence best represents the order in which these processes occur during growth in width of a long bone?
A)1,4,2,3,5
B)2,5,3,4,1
C)3,4,2,1,5
D)4,2,1,5,3
E)5,4,2,1,3
23
Chronic vitamin D deficiency results in which of these consequences?
A)Bones become brittle.
B)The percentage of bone composed of hydroxyapatite increases.
C)Bones become soft and pliable.
D)Scurvy occurs.
E)Both a and b.
24
Osteomalacia occurs as a result of a deficiency of
A)growth hormone.
B)sex hormones.
C)thyroid hormone.
D)vitamin C.
E)vitamin D.
25
Estrogen
A)stimulates a burst of growth at puberty.
B)causes a later closure of the epiphyseal plate than does testosterone.
C)causes a longer growth period in females than testosterone causes in males.
D)tends to prolong the growth phase of the epiphyseal plates.
E)all of the above.
26
Bone remodeling can occur
A)when woven bone is converted into lamellar bone.
B)as bones are subjected to varying patterns of stress.
C)as a long bone increases in diameter.
D)when new osteons are formed in compact bone.
E)all of the above.
27
Given these processes:
1. cartilage ossification
2. external callus formation
3. hematoma formation
4. internal callus formation
5. remodeling of woven bone into compact bone
Which sequence best represents the order in which the processes occur during repair of a fracture?
A)1,2,3,4,5
B)2,4,3,1,5
C)3,4,2,1,5
D)4,1,5,2,3
E)5,3,4,2,1
28
Which of these processes during bone repair requires the longest period of time?
A)cartilage ossification
B)external callus formation
C)hematoma formation
D)internal callus formation
E)remodeling of woven bone into compact bone
29
If the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases, osteoclast activity _______________, and blood Ca2+ levels _______________.
A)decreases, decrease
B)decreases, increase
C)increases, decrease
D)increases, increase
30
Osteoclast activity is inhibited by
A)calcitonin.
B)growth hormone.
C)parathyroid hormone.
D)sex hormones.
E)thyroid hormone.





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