Circle the best answer for each of the following questions.

1		Crystalline solids are those whose particles
			A)	are extremely hard
			B)	are arranged in repeated patterns
			C)	are shaped like tiny crystals
			D)	are without form
2		In covalent crystals, the atoms are held together by
			A)	shared electron pairs between adjacent atoms
			B)	the stable assembly of positive and negative ions
			C)	electron transfer between metal and nonmetal atoms
			D)	an electron "gas" that moves freely within the crystal
3		Of the following types of chemical bonds, the weakest is
			A)	ionic
			B)	covalent
			C)	metallic
			D)	van der Waals
4		Snowflakes and ice are examples of _______________ crystals.
			A)	covalent
			B)	ionic
			C)	metallic
			D)	molecular
5		The solubility of sodium chloride, or NaCl, in water is 36 g per 100 g of water at 20°C. NaCl is called the
			A)	solvent
			B)	concentrate
			C)	solute
			D)	precipitate
6		Household water softeners use ion-exchange resins to remove Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions and replace them with
			A)	Na+ ions
			B)	Ba2+ ions
			C)	K+ ions
			D)	Al3+ ions
7		A water solution of a certain substance has a sour taste and turns blue litmus to red. The substance is most likely to be
			A)	a base
			B)	an alkali
			C)	an acid
			D)	a salt
8		Acids react with metals to liberate
			A)	hydrogen ions
			B)	hydrogen gas
			C)	hydronium ions
			D)	hydroxide ions
9		Of the following acids, the weakest is
			A)	hydrochloric
			B)	carbonic
			C)	sulfuric
			D)	nitric
10		Bases consist of a metal together with one or more
			A)	ammonium groups
			B)	hydronium ions
			C)	hydrogen ions
			D)	hydroxide groups
11		An acidic solution having a pH of 2 is how many times more acidic than an acidic solution of pH 6?
			A)	40
			B)	100
			C)	1,000
			D)	10,000
12		A strong base can be neutralized by combining it with a(n)
			A)	strong acid
			B)	salt
			C)	alkali metal
			D)	weak base