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1 | |
Biological evolution could best be described as |
| | A) | Genetic adaptation through time. |
| | B) | Progressive change in a population. |
| | C) | The changing of traits from one generation to the next. |
| | D) | An expansion of biochemical processes. |
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2 | |
Which statement(s) is/are true about the theory of natural selection? |
| | A) | "Survival of the fittest" means that organisms that do not survive do not reproduce. |
| | B) | The "struggle for life" does not necessarily refer to open conflict and fighting. |
| | C) | Natural selection is the core concept for explaining how evolution occurs. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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3 | |
Changes in DNA that cannot be tied to a particular causative agent are known as |
| | A) | Mutagenistic changes. |
| | B) | Spontaneous mutations. |
| | C) | Environmental mutations. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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4 | |
The mixing that occurs during sexual reproduction is specifically known as |
| | A) | Genetic variation. |
| | B) | Genetic diversity. |
| | C) | Genetic recombination. |
| | D) | Genetic expression. |
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5 | |
Genes are sometimes not expressed because of |
| | A) | The action or expression of an unrelated gene. |
| | B) | The absence of an environmental trigger. |
| | C) | The specifics of the organism's life cycle. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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6 | |
Acquired characteristics |
| | A) | Are not genetically determined. |
| | B) | May be enhanced by inherited physical characteristics. |
| | C) | Do not influence natural selection. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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7 | |
Which statement(s) is/are true? |
| | A) | Successful organisms reproduce at rates in excess of those necessary to replace the parents. |
| | B) | When high death rates balance high reproductive rates, the result should be thought of as a static population. |
| | C) | For a population to remain constant, members of the population must be eliminated in a random manner. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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8 | |
Differential survival can lead to changed gene frequencies because |
| | A) | Survival rates are dependent on environmental factors. |
| | B) | If the environment shifts, the organisms best adapted to the shift will survive. |
| | C) | Natural selection assumes that some organisms can and will survive better than others. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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9 | |
Clover has been used to study differential reproductive rates and it has been found that |
| | A) | Overall, tall plants have a reproductive advantage. |
| | B) | Grazing animals may act as selecting agents and give short plants a reproductive advantage. |
| | C) | Medium height plants tend to be at a reproductive disadvantage. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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10 | |
In differential mate selection, it has been found that |
| | A) | Male animals without specific territories have a better chance of mating than those confined to specific territories. |
| | B) | It is unclear why females choose one male's territory over another male's territory. |
| | C) | In most cases, except for determining where she will live, the female is passive in the mating process. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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11 | |
The Hardy-Weinberg concept states that |
| | A) | Mating must be based on specific selectional criteria. |
| | B) | Migration of individual organisms into and out of a population must be kept below 1%. |
| | C) | All genes must have an equal chance of being passed on. |
| | D) | Mutations must be identified and factored into the formula. |
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12 | |
The Hardy-Weinberg formula can be |
| | A) | Applied to the Punnett square. |
| | B) | Used to determine the genotypic frequencies of persons in given populations. |
| | C) | To make comparisons between different populations. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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13 | |
Pure Hardy-Weinberg conditions rarely exist because |
| | A) | Random mating is common in most organisms. |
| | B) | Immigration and emigration are limited. |
| | C) | Genes differ in their value to the species. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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14 | |
In a given population, 5% of the individuals are homozygous recessive for trait "B." Out of 100 individuals, how many would be expected to be heterozygous for trait "B?" |
| | A) | 7 |
| | B) | 18 |
| | C) | 32 |
| | D) | Cannot be determined |
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15 | |
Which of the following statements is/are false? |
| | A) | Evolution happened only in the past. |
| | B) | Individual organisms evolve. |
| | C) | Genes that are valuable to an organism's survival become dominant. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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16 | |
Which one of the following would result in a new allele being introduced into a population? |
| | A) | a mutation in a skin cell |
| | B) | the addition of new individuals to the population by reproduction |
| | C) | migration out of the population |
| | D) | a mutation in the gamete producing cells |
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17 | |
Which one of the following would NOT allow an allele to be hidden? |
| | A) | an allele might be recessive |
| | B) | an individual might die before the allele had an opportunity to act |
| | C) | the allele could be an acquired characteristic |
| | D) | the allele might only express itself under certain environmental conditions |
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18 | |
Which one of the following is a common method by which natural selection results in altered gene pools? |
| | A) | some individuals have genes that allow them to have larger numbers of offspring |
| | B) | some individuals are accidentally killed |
| | C) | some individuals do not carry mutations |
| | D) | some individuals are members of very large populations |
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19 | |
In order to keep allele frequencies constant it is necessary to |
| | A) | have small populations. |
| | B) | have totally random mating. |
| | C) | allow for the free movement of individuals in and out of the population. |
| | D) | increase the mutation rate. |
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20 | |
If the frequency of the blue eye allele in a population in 1800 was 50% and the frequency in 1990 was 47%, which one of the following could be correct? |
| | A) | the frequency of the blue eye allele increased |
| | B) | blue-eyed individuals may have had larger numbers of offspring |
| | C) | blue-eyed individuals may have migrated from the population |
| | D) | blue-eyed individuals had no mutations |
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21 | |
Evolution is the result of |
| | A) | random mating. |
| | B) | natural selection. |
| | C) | the inheritance of acquired characteristics. |
| | D) | the existence of Hardy-Weinberg conditions. |
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22 | |
Air pollution from the Industrial Revolution darkened the bark of trees in England. For the peppered moth, this change in the environment resulted in |
| | A) | differential survival. |
| | B) | a change in allele frequencies. |
| | C) | an increase in the occurrence of dark moths. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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23 | |
An acquired characteristic would be |
| | A) | a woman's hair that turns gray at age 45. |
| | B) | the rapid height increase of a teenage boy. |
| | C) | a child learning to speak. |
| | D) | dimples. |
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24 | |
The Theory of Natural Selection was proposed |
| | A) | independently by Charles Darwin. |
| | B) | jointly by Darwin and Wallace. |
| | C) | independently by Gregor Mendel. |
| | D) | jointly by Hardy and Weinberg. |
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25 | |
In a certain population, 80% of the alleles for a given gene are dominant and 20% of the alleles are recessive. What percentage of the population would you expect to be heterozygous if Hardy-Weinberg conditions exist? |
| | A) | 16% |
| | B) | 25% |
| | C) | 32% |
| | D) | 50% |
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26 | |
Gene frequencies can change when |
| | A) | individuals with certain phenotypes have a greater survival rate than individuals with other phenotypes. |
| | B) | individuals with certain phenotypes produce more offspring than individuals with other phenotypes. |
| | C) | individuals with certain phenotypes are chosen as mates more frequently than individuals with other phenotypes. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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27 | |
Which of the following is not a Hardy-Weinberg condition? |
| | A) | no migration |
| | B) | no mutations |
| | C) | random mating |
| | D) | small population size |
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