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1 | |
To be considered a species, organisms must |
| | A) | Have the potential to interbreed and produce viable and fertile offspring. |
| | B) | Have the potential to interbreed, even if they are unable to produce viable and fertile offspring. |
| | C) | Not be able to breed with other organisms. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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2 | |
Gene flow is |
| | A) | The ability of the organisms to exchange genetic material. |
| | B) | The relative similarity between the genes of different species. |
| | C) | The movement of genes from one generation to the next of from one region to another. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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3 | |
Geographic isolation occurs when a __________ arises and sets off part of a species' __________. |
| | A) | Barrier / niche |
| | B) | Range / habitat |
| | C) | Barrier / range |
| | D) | Range / niche |
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4 | |
For speciation to occur, populations must be |
| | A) | Geographically isolated. |
| | B) | Genetically isolated. |
| | C) | Environmentally isolated. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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5 | |
Polyploidy is the condition of having multiple sets of __________; this can occur during __________. |
| | A) | Chromosomes / mitosis but not during meiosis |
| | B) | Chromosomes / meiosis but not during mitosis |
| | C) | Chromosomes / either mitosis or meiosis |
| | D) | Mitotic spindles / either mitosis or meiosis |
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6 | |
Genetic isolation can occur because of |
| | A) | Seasonal isolation. |
| | B) | Habitat preference. |
| | C) | Ecological isolation. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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7 | |
Mating calls, strutting, displays of plumage, and coded sounds result in |
| | A) | Behavioral isolation. |
| | B) | Reproductive isolation. |
| | C) | Genetic isolation. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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8 | |
When studying the history of evolutionary thought, it should be remembered that __________ expressed curiosity about changes in animals and __________ proposed that acquired characteristics could be transmitted from parents to offspring. |
| | A) | Lamarck / Buffon |
| | B) | Buffon / Lamarck |
| | C) | Lamarck / Wallace |
| | D) | Buffon / Wallace |
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9 | |
The theory of natural selection is based on which of the following assumptions? |
| | A) | No two organisms are exactly alike. |
| | B) | Favorable characteristics become more common in the species, and unfavorable characteristics are lost. |
| | C) | All organisms produce more offspring than can survive. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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10 | |
Which of the following might be modern updates on the theory of natural selection? |
| | A) | An organisms capacity to overproduce results in surplus organisms. |
| | B) | Selecting agents favor individuals with the best combination of genes. |
| | C) | Resources are in short supply, so some individuals will do without. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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11 | |
The basic pattern of divergent evolution states that |
| | A) | Individual speciation events cause successive branches in the evolution of a group of organisms. |
| | B) | Individual speciation events are induced by changes in the environment. |
| | C) | Organisms of widely different backgrounds develop similar characteristics, such as the ability to fly. |
| | D) | Evolutionary history can be reconstructed from either the genetic background or the environmental constraints of different groups of organisms. |
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12 | |
The evolutionary explosion of a new species from a common ancestor is known as |
| | A) | Convergent evolution. |
| | B) | Adaptive radiation. |
| | C) | Competitive exclusion. |
| | D) | Competitive inclusion. |
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13 | |
The difference between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium is that in gradualism |
| | A) | Evolution occurs in spurts of rapid growth followed by periods of little or now evolutionary change. |
| | B) | Evolution occurs at a rather steady rate, particularly for any given species. |
| | C) | Evolution occurs in spurts, but the spurts gradually become more and more subtle. |
| | D) | Evolution is not influenced by environmental factors. |
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14 | |
When examining the evolutionary history of organisms, it is important to remember that |
| | A) | Different populations of the same species show genetic differences. |
| | B) | Indirect evidence, as well as direct evidence, must be examined. |
| | C) | Fossil evidence indicates that about 99% of all species that ever existed are now extinct. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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15 | |
Which of the following is the correct evolutionary order? |
| | A) | Australopithecus africanus, Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo sapiens |
| | B) | Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Australopithecus africanus, Homo sapiens |
| | C) | Australopithecus africanus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens |
| | D) | Australopithecus africanus, Neandertals, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens |
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16 | |
Hybrid animals like mules are not considered to be a species because |
| | A) | they do not reproduce. |
| | B) | they are not common enough. |
| | C) | they can only be maintained by humans. |
| | D) | they are the result of convergent evolution. |
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17 | |
Two closely related organisms are not considered to be separate species unless |
| | A) | they look different. |
| | B) | they are reproductively isolated. |
| | C) | they are able to interbreed. |
| | D) | they are in different geographic parts of the world. |
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18 | |
The Darwin-Wallace theory of natural selection differs from Lamarck's ideas in that |
| | A) | Lamarck understood the role of genes and Darwin and Wallace did not. |
| | B) | Lamarck assumed that characteristics obtained during an organism's lifetime could be passed to the next generation, Darwin and Wallace did not. |
| | C) | Lamarck did not think that evolution took place, Darwin and Wallace did. |
| | D) | Lamarck developed the basic ideas of speciation which Darwin and Wallace refined. |
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19 | |
What percent of the number of species that have ever been present on the face of the earth are extinct? |
| | A) | 10 percent. |
| | B) | 50 percent. |
| | C) | 75 percent. |
| | D) | 99 percent. |
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20 | |
Which of the following is NOT necessary for speciation? |
| | A) | genetic isolation from other species |
| | B) | genetic variety within a species |
| | C) | hundreds of millions of years |
| | D) | reproduction |
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21 | |
Hummingbirds and honeybees both make noise as they fly from flower to flower collecting nectar. This is an example of |
| | A) | adaptive radiation. |
| | B) | convergent evolution. |
| | C) | divergent evolution. |
| | D) | punctuated equilibrium. |
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22 | |
Polyploidy |
| | A) | is common among animals. |
| | B) | is generally a slow evolutionary process. |
| | C) | involves multiple sets of chromosomes. |
| | D) | is a rare mechanism for speciation. |
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23 | |
Punctuated equilibrium was proposed by |
| | A) | Darwin and Wallace. |
| | B) | Lamarck. |
| | C) | Eldredge and Gould. |
| | D) | Buffon. |
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24 | |
An organism invades an unexploited environment. What type of evolutionary pattern would you expect will follow? |
| | A) | divergent evolution |
| | B) | adaptive radiation |
| | C) | polyploidy |
| | D) | convergent evolution |
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25 | |
Although several species of firefly may live in the same area, they do not interbreed. Each species of firefly has a unique flash that is used to signal potential mates of the same species. In fireflies, cross-species matings are prevented by |
| | A) | mechanical isolation. |
| | B) | ecological isolation. |
| | C) | seasonal isolation. |
| | D) | behavioral isolation. |
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26 | |
Two groups of organisms belong to different species if |
| | A) | gene flow between the two groups is not possible, even in the absence of physical barriers. |
| | B) | physical barriers separate the two groups thereby preventing cross matings. |
| | C) | the two groups of organisms have a different physical appearance. |
| | D) | individuals from the two groups, when mated, produce hybrid offspring. |
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27 | |
The Darwin-Wallace theory of natural selection corresponds with |
| | A) | gradualism. |
| | B) | polyploidy. |
| | C) | punctuated equilibrium. |
| | D) | the inheritance of acquired characteristics. |
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