 |
1 | |
When discussing spontaneous generation and biogenesis, it is important to remember that |
| | A) | These two terms can be used synonymously. |
| | B) | Spontaneous generation was widely accepted until about 150 years ago. |
| | C) | Biogenesis was an accepted concept in ancient Greece. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
|
|
2 | |
The scientist who used the swan-neck flask to demonstrate biogenesis was |
| | A) | Redi. |
| | B) | Needham. |
| | C) | Spallanzani. |
| | D) | Pasteur. |
|
|
3 | |
Factors influencing whether or not life might have originated on Earth include |
| | A) | Water can exist as a liquid on Earth. |
| | B) | Organic molecules can be generated in an oxygen-free atmosphere. |
| | C) | Organisms exist in extreme environments on Earth. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
|
|
4 | |
According to the solar nebula theory |
| | A) | The original universe consisted primarily of atoms of hydrogen and helium. |
| | B) | The surface of the early Earth was hot and waterless. |
| | C) | After the Earth cooled, the atmosphere was a reducing atmosphere. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
|
|
5 | |
In order for life to originate on a lifeless planet |
| | A) | Organic molecules must be formed from inorganic molecules. |
| | B) | Collections of organic molecules must become self-sustaining. |
| | C) | The first cellular unit must be able to reproduce itself. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
|
|
6 | |
According to Oparin and Haldane, |
| | A) | The first organic molecules were formed in the atmosphere. |
| | B) | Organic molecules probably arose at a number of different points on the Earth; these molecules eventually merged. |
| | C) | The formation of the initial building blocks of life was probably complete within two or three million years. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
|
|
7 | |
The experiments of Stanley Miller demonstrated that |
| | A) | Complex proteins and DNA could self-assemble in the early Earth atmosphere. |
| | B) | The early Earth atmosphere was rich in both oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
| | C) | Nonbiological synthesis of amino acids and simple sugars could occur. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
|
|
8 | |
When discussing prebionts and coacervates, it is important to remember that |
| | A) | Coacervates accumulate to form prebionts. |
| | B) | Coacervates have been synthesized in the laboratory. |
| | C) | Prebionts are able to grow and divide if the environment is favorable. |
| | D) | Prebionts and coacervates join together to form living cells. |
|
|
9 | |
Which of the following statements is/are true? |
| | A) | A microsphere is a nonliving collection of organic macromolecules. |
| | B) | Proteinoids consist of branched chains of amino acids. |
| | C) | Microspheres can be built from proteinoids. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
|
|
10 | |
Evidence in support of the theory that the first organisms may have been autotrophic include the fact(s) that |
| | A) | Many very primitive organisms are autotrophs. |
| | B) | Certain organisms synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules. |
| | C) | Certain organisms live in extremely hot environments. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
|
|
11 | |
Which of these statements about the reproduction of genetic material is/are true? |
| | A) | DNA can replicate itself without either RNA or enzymes. |
| | B) | Ribozymes produce the nucleotides necessary for DNA or RNA synthesis. |
| | C) | Evidence points to RNA being the first genetic material. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
|
|
12 | |
Woese's research led to the idea that there are three domains and of these the domain called __________ includes __________ kingdoms. |
| | A) | Archaea / 4 |
| | B) | Archaea / 5 |
| | C) | Eukarya / 4 |
| | D) | Eukarya / 5 |
|
|
13 | |
Present day prokaryotes include |
| | A) | Bacteria, archaea, and mycetae. |
| | B) | Bacteria, archaea, and blue-green algae. |
| | C) | Archaea, mycetae, and blue-green algae. |
| | D) | Bacteria, mycetae, and blue-green algae. |
|
|
14 | |
The endosymbiotic theory is an attempt to explain the presence of the __________ in the eukaryotic cell. |
| | A) | Ribosomes and chloroplasts |
| | B) | Mitochondria and flagella |
| | C) | Mitochondria and chloroplasts |
| | D) | Ribosomes and flagella |
|
|
15 | |
All organisms have a common basis; part(s) of this common basis include(s) |
| | A) | DNA is the universal genetic material. |
| | B) | Protein serves as structural material and as enzymes. |
| | C) | ATP is the source of energy. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
|
|
16 | |
Which was NOT a major component of the early Earth's reducing atmosphere? |
| | A) | H2 |
| | B) | CO2 |
| | C) | NH3 |
| | D) | ozone |
|
|
17 | |
Hypothetically, which came first in the evolution of cells? |
| | A) | autotrophs |
| | B) | heterotrophs |
| | C) | aerobic cells |
| | D) | eukaryotes |
|
|
18 | |
Prokaryotic cells hypothetically came into existence approximately ________ years ago? |
| | A) | 20 billion |
| | B) | 4-5 billion |
| | C) | 3.5 billion |
| | D) | 1.5 billion |
|
|
19 | |
According to the Endosymbiotic Theory |
| | A) | chloroplasts were cyanobacteria. |
| | B) | mitochondria were cyanobacteria. |
| | C) | the original cell type was eukaryotic. |
| | D) | microspheres were nuclei. |
|
|
20 | |
Which was an early source of energy for chemical reactions in the early Earth's atmosphere? |
| | A) | volcanos |
| | B) | ATP |
| | C) | X-rays |
| | D) | all of these |
|
|
21 | |
This theory proposes that the solar system was formed from a large cloud of gases. |
| | A) | Endosymbiotic |
| | B) | Solar Nebula |
| | C) | Little Bang |
| | D) | Prebiont |
|
|
22 | |
Which of the following is a macromolecule? |
| | A) | H2 |
| | B) | prokaryote |
| | C) | ATP |
| | D) | Ozone |
|
|
23 | |
Which one of the following researchers supported spontaneous generation? |
| | A) | Redi |
| | B) | Needham |
| | C) | Spallanzani |
| | D) | Pasteur |
|
|
24 | |
The three main kinds of living things Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya have been labeled as |
| | A) | Species. |
| | B) | Kingdoms. |
| | C) | Domains. |
| | D) | Families. |
|
|
25 | |
Miller's apparatus |
| | A) | simulated conditions that may have existed on early Earth. |
| | B) | demonstrated spontaneous generation of cells in a reducing atmosphere. |
| | C) | supported the theory of biogenesis. |
| | D) | contradicted the earlier work of Pasteur. |
|
|
26 | |
Which event or step was NOT necessary to produce life from inorganic materials? |
| | A) | Organic molecules must be formed from inorganic molecules. |
| | B) | The inorganic molecules must be collected together and segregated from other molecules by a cell wall. |
| | C) | Collections of organic molecules must become self-sustaining by making new molecules as older ones are randomly destroyed. |
| | D) | Ultimately this first cellular unit must be able to reproduce more of itself. |
|
|
27 | |
The first cells probably had higher mutation rates than cells today because |
| | A) | RNA served as the genetic material. |
| | B) | there was no protective ozone in the atmosphere. |
| | C) | the first life forms were unstable. |
| | D) | nucleotides had not yet evolved. |
|
|
28 | |
The theory that proposes how the first eukaryotic cells evolved is |
| | A) | biogenesis. |
| | B) | spontaneous generation. |
| | C) | the endosymbiotic theory. |
| | D) | the solar nebula theory. |
|