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1 | |
Allergy is an exaggerated immune response that is manifested by what reaction? |
| | A) | Immunopathology |
| | B) | Hypersensitivity |
| | C) | Inflammation |
| | D) | Fever |
| | E) | Autoimmunity |
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2 | |
Which of the categories of hypersensitivities involves a T-cell response? |
| | A) | Type I |
| | B) | Type II |
| | C) | Type III |
| | D) | Type IV |
| | E) | Types I-IV |
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3 | |
Which category of hypersensitivities is IgE-mediated? |
| | A) | Type I |
| | B) | Type II |
| | C) | Type III |
| | D) | Type IV |
| | E) | Types II and III |
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4 | |
What type of allergens are the most allergenic? |
| | A) | Carbohydrates |
| | B) | Proteins |
| | C) | Nucleic acids |
| | D) | Fats |
| | E) | Haptens |
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5 | |
What sets the stage for the reactions that occur upon repeated exposure to the same allergen in a type I hypersensitivity reaction? |
| | A) | The release of the allergenic particles into the tissue fluids and lymphatics |
| | B) | Recognition of the allergen by B and T cells |
| | C) | Proliferation and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells |
| | D) | Secretion of IgE by plasma cells |
| | E) | Binding of IgE to mast cells and basophils |
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6 | |
Mast cells have important roles in the development of allergies. This is due to all but which of the following reasons. |
| | A) | Their tendency to degranulate |
| | B) | Their cytoplasmic granules that contain physiologically active chemicals |
| | C) | Their ubiquitous location in tissues |
| | D) | Their ability to produce IgE |
| | E) | Their capacity to bind IgE during sensitization |
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7 | |
What is the most abundant and fastest acting cytokine released by mast cells? |
| | A) | Serotonin |
| | B) | Histamine |
| | C) | Bradykinin |
| | D) | Leukotriene |
| | E) | Platelet-activating factor |
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8 | |
What differs between atopy and anaphylaxis? |
| | A) | The allergen that triggers the response |
| | B) | The site of the reaction |
| | C) | The concentrations of the chemical mediators released |
| | D) | The organ systems targeted by the chemical mediators |
| | E) | The types of chemical mediators released |
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9 | |
What is injected into patients undergoing allergic desensitization? |
| | A) | IgG antibodies |
| | B) | IgE antibodies |
| | C) | Monoclonal antibodies against IgE |
| | D) | Corticosteroids |
| | E) | Pure allergen to which the patient is allergic |
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10 | |
A person with type A blood has what type of ABO antibodies in their plasma? |
| | A) | Anti-O |
| | B) | Anti-A |
| | C) | Anti-B |
| | D) | Anti-A and Anti-B |
| | E) | Neither Anti-A nor Anti-B |
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11 | |
Why are people with type O blood known as universal donors? |
| | A) | Because antibodies against A and B antigens are not present in their plasma. |
| | B) | Because their plasma contains antibodies against both A and B antigens. |
| | C) | Because A and B antigens are present on their red blood cells. |
| | D) | Because neither A nor B antigens are present on their red blood cells. |
| | E) | Because type O blood is the most common blood type in the United States. |
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12 | |
The maternal antibodies that cross the placenta and lead to the development of erythroblastosis fetalis are of what class? |
| | A) | IgM |
| | B) | IgA |
| | C) | IgD |
| | D) | IgG |
| | E) | IgE |
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13 | |
In what manner does a type III hypersensitivity reaction differ from a type II hypersensitivity reaction? |
| | A) | The antigens involved in a type III reaction are not bound to a cell's surface, while those involved in a type II reaction are bound to the surface. |
| | B) | Type III is an immediate hypersensitivity, while type II is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. |
| | C) | Type III hypersensitivities involve IgE, while type II hypersensitivities involve IgG and IgM. |
| | D) | Type III hypersensitivities are T-cell mediated, while type II hypersensitivities are B-cell mediated. |
| | E) | Type III hypersensitivities involve complement, while type II hypersensitivities do not. |
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14 | |
All but which of the following statements characterizes an Arthus reaction? |
| | A) | It is a systemic reaction. |
| | B) | It depends on the formation of IgG, IgM, or IgA antibodies. |
| | C) | The onset of symptoms is delayed. |
| | D) | Large doses of antigen are required for its initiation. |
| | E) | It is a localized reaction. |
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15 | |
Which theory on the origination of autoimmune diseases states that type I diabetes is triggered by a viral infection? |
| | A) | Theory of immune deficiency |
| | B) | Molecular mimicry |
| | C) | Clonal selection theory |
| | D) | Sequestered antigen theory |
| | E) | Type III hypersensitivity |
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16 | |
Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease? |
| | A) | SLE |
| | B) | Type I diabetes |
| | C) | Serum sickness |
| | D) | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| | E) | Multiple sclerosis |
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17 | |
A positive tuberculin skin test is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction? |
| | A) | Type I |
| | B) | Type II |
| | C) | Type III |
| | D) | Type IV |
| | E) | Types II and III |
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18 | |
What cells initially recognize grafted foreign tissue and begin the process of rejection? |
| | A) | Helper T cells |
| | B) | B cells |
| | C) | Macrophages |
| | D) | Stem cells |
| | E) | Cytotoxic T cells |
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19 | |
When a person consents to be an organ donor upon his/her death, what is the most likely procedure that will be performed with the donated organs? |
| | A) | Xenograft |
| | B) | Allograft |
| | C) | Isograft |
| | D) | Autograft |
| | E) | Malograft |
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20 | |
Which of the listed immunodeficiencies is typically more devastating? |
| | A) | Phagocytic defects |
| | B) | Complement defects |
| | C) | Granulocyte defects |
| | D) | B cell defects |
| | E) | T cell defects |
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21 | |
Although not yet a reality, scientists hope to use what procedure to treat both X-linked and ADA types of SCID? |
| | A) | Passive immunotherapy |
| | B) | Gene therapy |
| | C) | Desensitization |
| | D) | Bone marrow transplant |
| | E) | Chemotherapy |
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22 | |
What are cancers that arise from embryonic connective tissue known as? |
| | A) | Sarcomas |
| | B) | Benign |
| | C) | Malignant |
| | D) | Neoplasias |
| | E) | Carcinomas |
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23 | |
Human papillomavirus inserts its genome into a host chromosome, which disrupts usual cellular growth controls. This virus is strongly implicated in the development of what? |
| | A) | T-cell leukemia |
| | B) | Burkitt lymphoma |
| | C) | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
| | D) | Liver cancer |
| | E) | Cervical cancer |
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24 | |
What is the name of the cellular chemical that controls phases of mitosis and cell growth? |
| | A) | Cyclosporine |
| | B) | Interleukin-2 |
| | C) | Cyclin |
| | D) | Prostaglandin D1 |
| | E) | GTP |
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25 | |
The primary types of cells that operate in surveillance and destruction of tumor cells are cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, and what other cell type? |
| | A) | Macrophages |
| | B) | Dendritic cells |
| | C) | Neutrophils |
| | D) | Eosinophils |
| | E) | Monocytes |
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