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Multiple Choice
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1

An individual’s phenotype is ____________ and ____________ be modified by a person’s experiences.
A)an individual’s genetic composition; can
B)an individual’s genetic composition; cannot
C)the observable expression of one’s genetic content; can
D)the observable expression of one’s genetic content; cannot
2

What is another name for a fertilized egg cell?
A)Ovum
B)Germ cell
C)Sperm
D)Zygote
3

Each boy cell in most normal women and men contains
A)23 chromosomes.
B)23 genes.
C)46 chromosomes.
D)46 genes
4

Which of the following is cause by a recessive gene?
A)Curly hair
B)Cheek dimples
C)Down’s syndrome
D)PKU
5

The effects of PKU can be diminished through which of the following procedures?
A)Medication
B)Physical therapy
C)Corrective surgery
D)Control of diet
6

X-linked characteristics and disorders appear
A)in a greater proportion of Down syndrome individuals as compared to normal individuals.
B)about equally in males and females.
C)more frequently in males than in females.
D)more frequently in females than in males.
7

Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with canalization?
A)Environmental influences have little effect on most psychological characteristics.
B)Certain kinds of genotypes are affected to a greater degree by the environment than other genotypes.
C)Extreme experiences are necessary to influence strongly canalized processes.
D)The range of values for various psychological characteristics varies within individuals.
8

Which of the following has a concordance rate of 100 percent in monozygotic twins?
A)Gender
B)Schizophrenia
C)Intelligence
D)Depression
9

Which of the following is NOT a reason to be cautious of interpretations of results based on monozygotic versus dizygotic twins studies?
A)Monozygotic twins often select similar environments.
B)Monozygotic twins often elicit similar responses from their environments.
C)Monozygotic twins have a greater shared environment.
D)Monozygotic twins have a greater non-shared environment.
10

In regard to sibling similarity with a family living together, all of the following would be considered part of the non-shared environment EXCEPT
A)age.
B)neighborhood.
C)birth order.
D)perceptions of parental treatment
11

The expression of the genotype is
A)modified by a variety of environmental factors.
B)not modifiable regardless of environmental factors.
C)not of concern to psychologists.
D)only known if one undergoes a sex change operation.
12

Crossing-over occurs during
A)mitosis.
B)meiosis.
C)intercourse.
D)fertilization.
13

One’s outward appearance is the same as one’s genetic makeup only if the genetic makeup for that trait is
A)One’s outward appearance is the same as one’s genetic makeup only if the genetic makeup for that trait is
B)homozygous.
C)co-dominant.
D)dominant.
14

Genes that influence the action or phenotypical expression of other genes are called
A)modifier genes.
B)influential genes.
C)dominant genes.
D)director genes.
15

The increased lifespan of individuals with Down’s syndrome can be attributed to
A)greater understanding of the genetic implications of the disorder.
B)advances in the treatment of health complications associated with Down’s syndrome.
C)a decrease in the institutionalization of individuals with Down’s syndrome.
D)earlier detection of the disorder, which can result in a reduction of various complications.
16

Ethical concerns in the area of genetic counseling recognize
A)that parental expectations about a child can impact the parent-child relationship.
B)that parental expectations have little impact upon parents’ attitudes and responsivity towards children.
C)that some information, even questionable, is better than no information.
D)that the behavioral outcome of a disorder is consistent across individuals.
17

The process whereby the genetic factors limit an individual’s responsiveness to the environment is known as
A)canalization.
B)discontinuity.
C)differentiation.
D)range of reaction.
18

The primary concern for behavior geneticists is
A)identifying single genes that cause changes in behavior.
B)understanding chromosomal errors that contribute to gross developmental deviations.
C)identifying the genetic material involved in transmitting personality characteristics.
D)understanding genetic contributions to the variations in individual differences found throughout the human lifespan.
19

Researchers conducting family resemblance studies most frequently employ
A)kinship studies.
B)sibling studies.
C)adoption and twin studies.
D)parent-child studies.
20

The child’s biologically-based style of responding is called his or her
A)personality.
B)self-regulatory set.
C)mood.
D)temperament.





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