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, a social construction, is the developmental transition between childhood and adulthood entailing major physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes. |
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Developmental scientists have found a in the onset of puberty, which is the of age when puberty begins and when young people reach adult height and sexual maturity. |
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The sex characteristics are the organs directly related to reproduction, which enlarge and mature during adolescence; sex characteristics are the physical signs of sexual maturation not directly involved with the sex organs, such as development and growth of body hair. |
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The boy’s first ejaculation, , occurs at an average age of ; a girl’s first menstruation, , occurs on average between ages . |
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Concerns with , one’s perception of one’s own appearance, often begins in and intensifies in . |
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Drugs such as alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana, the use of which tends to lead to use of more addictive drugs, are referred to as drugs. |
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The leading cause of death among adolescents in the United States is . |
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Piaget’s stage of cognitive development is characterized by the ability to think abstractly. |
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is the ability to develop, consider, and test hypotheses. |
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Piaget believed that a combination of and expanding opportunities that brings about the shift to formal reasoning. |
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Adolescents are more skilled than younger children in , the ability to understand another person’s point of view and level of knowledge and to speak accordingly. |
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Kohlberg described three levels of moral development, each with two stages. In the first, morality, control is external; in the second, morality, standards of authority figures are internalized; and in the third, morality, people follow internally held moral principles and can decide among conflicting moral standards. |
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Important predictors of school achievement include socioeconomic status, the quality of the , involvement, peer influence, and perhaps most important, students’ belief in . |
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can be an index of risk for dropping out of school and is one way to look at the key factor, , or a student’s involvement in school. |
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