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Human Development: Updated, 7/e

James Vander Zanden, Ohio State University
Thomas Crandell, Broome Community College
Corinne Crandell, Broome Community College

Middle Childhood 7 to 12: Emotional and Social Development

Learning Objectives

After completing Chapter 10, you should be able to:

1

Define Erikson's fourth stage of industry vs. inferiority

2

Discuss the meaning, origins, and factors associated with the development of self-esteem in children.

emerging self-conception:

self-appraisal/reflected appraisal:

3

Explain Coopersmith's findings from his research on parental attitudes and practices associated with high levels of self-esteem.

4

Explain why children experience changes in their abilities to understand emotion.

5

Explain the role that fear plays in the lives of children.

6

Define locus of control and coping and explain the role these play in assuaging stress.

7

Summarize the influence of mothers and fathers on the emotional stability of a child.

8

Explain the important tasks that children who are dealing with a divorce must complete.

9

Summarize the differences between two-parent families and single-parent families and their effects on children's emotional development.

10

Summarize the significant functions of children's peer relationships and peer groups.

independence from adults:

effects on school motivation, performance, and adjustment:

relationship as equals:

Piaget's autonomous morality:

solidarity:

transmission of information and secrets:

peers as a form of "control" of unwanted behaviors:

11

Define gender cleavage, and describe the changes that occur as children pass from a gender cleavage orientation to a heterosexual orientation to social behavior.

gender cleavage:

gender separation:

two factors that give rise to gender segregation:

boys' typical behavior:

girls' typical behavior:

Freud's latency period and the contemporary view:

12

Define the following terms as they relate to social acceptance or rejection in peer relationships.

group:

values:

sociometry:

13

Recall what researchers have found regarding the physical qualities which make children attractive or unattractive in the eyes of their peers.

14

Discuss the behavioral characteristics which seem to be related to children's social acceptance by their peers.

popular traits:

unpopular traits:

cross-cultural findings:

consequences of rejection:

15

Illustrate the effects of children's social maturity on their social desirability by their peers.

16

Discuss children's development of racial awareness, prejudice, and ways to promote positive interracial contact.

17

List the developmental functions that schools serve.

18

Discuss the following factors that impact student motivation.

motivation:

extrinsic motivation:

intrinsic motivation:

the Lepper and Greene research at Stanford University:

attributions of causality:

high attainment:

low attainment:

locus of control and school achievement:

external control:

internal control:

19

Describe the results of research on the relationship between school performance and socioeconomic status.

middle-class bias:

subcultural differences:

English language as a barrier:

educational self-fulfilling prophecy:

bias toward white students:

effect on African-American and Hispanic students:

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