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Human Development: Updated, 7/e

James Vander Zanden, Ohio State University
Thomas Crandell, Broome Community College
Corinne Crandell, Broome Community College

Reproduction, Heredity and Genetics, and Prenatal Development

Learning Objectives

After completing Chapter 3, you should be able to:

1

Describe some facts about a typical:

male's sperm production (location, locomotion, amount, when produced).

female's ova production (location, locomotion, amount, when produced).

2

Name and identify the function of the two male androgens.

3

Name and identify the function of the two female sex hormones.

4

Explain the journey of a mature ovum from where it is produced and the role of each body part through menstruation or fertilization (if that occurs).

5

Describe the process of fertilization.

Where does it takes place?

How does conception occur?

How does the uterus prepare for pregnancy?

6

Discuss different methods for conception.

In vitro fertilization (IVF):

Gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT):

Zygote intra fallopian transfer (ZIFT):

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI):

cytoplasm transfer:

7

Discuss different forms of birth control.

8

Explain the difference between genotype and phenotype.

9

Describe each of the following diagnostic tests:

amniocentesis:

ultrasonography:

fetoscopy:

chorionic villus biopsy:

blood tests:

10

Name the three stages of the prenatal period, identify the time period within which each occurs, and describe the main characteristics that define each stage.

11

Describe the development of the zygote during the early germinal period, and define the following:

mitosis:

cleavage:

blastocyst:

endometrium:

12

Identify what the layers of the cell wall mass of the blastocyst will eventually become.

ectoderm:

mesoderm:

endoderm:

13

Discuss the growth and development of the embryo from the end of the second week until the end of the eighth week during the embryonic period.

growth:

placenta:

umbilical cord:

early structure for all organs:

recognizable human body:

14

Define cephalocaudal and proximodistal development

15

Briefly describe the growth and development of the fetus at the:

eighth week:

tenth week:

third month:

fourth month:

fifth month:

sixth month:

seventh month:

eighth month:

ninth month:

16

Cite the impact of infectious and noninfectious diseases that might harm a fetus:

rubella:

syphilis:

genital herpes:

AIDS (HIV):

diabetes:

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