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Human Development: Updated, 7/e

James Vander Zanden, Ohio State University
Thomas Crandell, Broome Community College
Corinne Crandell, Broome Community College

Birth and Physical Development the First Two Years

Learning Objectives

After completing Chapter 4, you should be able to:

1

Describe different birthing methods:

psychoprophylactic method:

Lamaze method:

natural childbirth:

2

Cite the changes that occur in the mother and the baby a few weeks before birth and during the three stages of birth.

fetal changes:

maternal changes:

labor:

delivery:

afterbirth:

3

List the five conditions of the Apgar scoring system, and explain its rating system.

4

Define what is meant by parent-infant bonding, and cite the research findings which promote or detract from this process.

5

Explain the following risks to infants:

prematurity:

postmaturity:

drug-addicted mother:

exposure to HIV:

exposure to alcohol:

exposure to chemicals:

6

Briefly explain postpartum depression (PPD).

7

Discuss what is known about Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

8

Identify and describe the six types of neonatal states illustrated by Wolff.

9

Explain the significance of the infant's crying and the effect of the caretaker's response on the newborn's crying.

10

Describe the cephalocaudal and proximodistal principles of development, and provide examples of each with regard to motor development.

11

Describe the different aspects of motor development:

rhythmical behavior:

locomotion:

manual skills:

12

Define visual constancy, and summarize the research evidence on its development throughout infancy.

13

Explain Gibson's visual cliff experiment, and state its significance with respect to depth perception in infants.

14

Describe what is known about the neonate's ability to:

hear:

taste:

smell:

feel heat:

feel cold:

feel pressure:

feel pain:

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