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Multiple Choice Quiz
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Please answer all questions.

1
The two systems that act to control all body activities are the nervous and _____ systems.
A)circulatory
B)exocrine
C)endocrine
D)muscular
2
The _____ system includes the glands that release their secretions directly into the blood.
A)exocrine
B)endocrine
C)circulatory
D)excretory
3
Which of the following glands does NOT belong to the endocrine system?
A)pituitary
B)thyroid
C)parathyroid
D)salivary
4
Which of the following is NOT a chemical class of hormones?
A)protein
B)steroid
C)glycoprotein
D)carbohydrate
5
Which of these is NOT a steroid?
A)adrenalin
B)cholesterol
C)progesterone
D)cortisone
6
Which of the following is the precursor that will result in the synthesis of the others?
A)testosterone
B)cholesterol
C)vitamin D
D)estrogen
7
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
A)amine
B)epinephrine
C)cortisone
D)norepinephrine
8
Which of the following does NOT chemically belong with the other hormones?
A)ADH
B)PTH
C)GH
D)PRL
9
Which of these is NOT produced by the anterior pituitary?
A)ACTH
B)follicle-stimulating hormone
C)somatostatin
D)somatotropin
10
Which of these does NOT belong with the others?
A)ICSH
B)lutropin
C)LH
D)follitropin
11
Which of the following is NOT a pancreatic hormone?
A)glucagon
B)aldosterone
C)insulin
D)somatostatin
12
Which of these compounds is produced first?
A)cAMP
B)protein kinases
C)adenylate cyclase
D)ATP
13
Which factor inactivates and decreases the levels of cAMP?
A)adenylate cyclase
B)phosphodiesterase
C)ATP conversion to ADP
D)protein kinases
14
Which of the following does NOT employ cAMP second messengers?
A)cortisol
B)TSH
C)FSH
D)parathormone
15
Which of the following is NOT a hormone function?
A)increase cellular oxygen consumption
B)cause osteoblasts to divide
C)convert fibroblasts to osteoblasts
D)alter genetic expression
16
Prostaglandins are _____ that affect various functions.
A)proteins
B)carbohydrates
C)nucleotides
D)lipids
17
The precursor molecule that produces all of the prostaglandins is _____.
A)cholesterol
B)glycoprotein
C)phospholipid
D)arachidonic acid
18
Which factor is a direct cause of the rheumatoid arthritis symptoms?
A)prostaglandin
B)cortisone
C)cortisol
D)arachidonic acid
19
Which of the following is NOT a property of prostaglandins?
A)regulate blood pressure
B)effect reproductive functions
C)influence kidney Na+ movement
D)all of these are functions
20
Which of the following is an example of feedback inhibition?
A)insulin lowers blood sugar
B)GH causes osteoblast division
C)PTH raises blood calcium levels
D)low blood sugar inhibits insulin
21
Releasing hormones are produced by the _____.
A)hypothalamus
B)pituitary
C)thyroid
D)adrenal cortex
22
Which hormone controls the ability to produce milk?
A)ACTH
B)PRL
C)FSH
D)melanocyte
23
What are releasing hormones from the hypothalamus secreted into?
A)posterior pituitary
B)hypothalamus
C)hypophyseal portal veins
D)anterior pituitary arteries
24
Which part of the endocrine system has the major influence over other endocrine organs?
A)posterior pituitary
B)thyroid gland
C)hypothalamus
D)ovary and testis
25
Which of the following is an incorrect association?
A)somatotropes; GH
B)thyrotropes; thyroxine
C)mammatropes; PRL
D)gonadotropes; GnRH
26
Which of the following directly stimulates mitosis?
A)insulin
B)somatotropin
C)corticotropin
D)growth hormone releasing hormone
27
Which of these will decrease the release of growth hormone?
A)high protein diet
B)GRH
C)low SS levels
D)poor nutrition
28
The cartilage of bones is stimulated by ______.
A)GH
B)insulin
C)insulin-like growth factor-1
D)somatostatin
29
The condition called _____ occurs in adulthood and is evidenced by thickened skull bones and distortions in the arms and hands.
A)dwarfism
B)giantism
C)myxedema
D)acromegaly
30
Which hormone can cause sterility in a male?
A)testosterone
B)prolactin
C)LH
D)ICSH
31
The hormone _____ causes the breast to increase its synthesis of milk.
A)PRL
B)oxytocin
C)PRF
D)PIF
32
Which of the following is NOT produced by the anterior pituitary?
A)ACTH
B)FSH
C)ICSH
D)GnRH
33
Which hormone decreases the production of urine?
A)ADH
B)adrenalin
C)oxytocin
D)thyroxine
34
Oxytocin is most closely related chemically to _____.
A)antidiuretic hormone
B)prolactin
C)follicle stimulating hormone
D)luteinizing hormone
35
ADH has the ability to increase blood pressure by constricting blood vessels and is therefore also called _____.
A)oxytocin
B)vasopressin
C)angiotensin
D)adrenocorticotropin
36
Which hormone plays the greatest role in the contractions that occur in the uterus during labor?
A)ADH
B)estrogen
C)oxytocin
D)prostaglandin
37
Which hormone is most closely involved with ovulation?
A)prolactin
B)LH
C)FSH
D)estrogen
38
The ovary and _____ contain spherical collections of cells referred to as follicles.
A)pituitary
B)testis
C)thyroid
D)pancreas
39
Which hormone exerts the greatest influence on metabolism?
A)thyroxine
B)cortisone
C)insulin
D)parathormone
40
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
A)calcium
B)thyroxine
C)iodine
D)tyrosine
41
Which of the following is NOT true of thyroxine?
A)needed for normal mental growth
B)increases carbohydrate utilization
C)decreases lipid synthesis
D)decreases protein synthesis
42
Which of the following have the most potent effect on increasing metabolic rate?
A)thyroxine
B)thyroglobulin
C)triiodothyronine
D)alpha globulin
43
Which of the following is NOT true of calcitonin?
A)increases bone calcium deposition
B)increases blood calcium
C)decreases blood calcium
D)inhibits osteoclasts
44
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hyperthyroidism?
A)loss of weight
B)protruding eyes
C)increased heart rate
D)increased ability to sleep
45
Graves disease can cause all of these EXCEPT which one?
A)exophthalmos
B)a positive autoimmune test
C)general edema
D)intolerance to heat
46
Which gland is assessed by the use of radioactive iodine?
A)parathyroid
B)thyroid
C)ovary
D)pituitary
47
The ______ directly antagonizes the effect of calcitonin.
A)thyroxine
B)parathormone
C)insulin
D)glucocorticoid
48
What is the most active form of vitamin D?
A)7-dehydrocholesterol
B)hydroxycholecalciferol
C)cholecalciferol
D)dihydroxycholecalciferol
49
What is the final factor in the synthesis of the active form of vitamin D?
A)kidney function
B)the diet
C)intestinal conversion
D)sunlight on the skin
50
Which of the following is NOT consistent with a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism?
A)fatigue
B)weakened bones
C)muscle cramps
D)increased blood calcium
51
Osteoporosis most likely results from _____.
A)a deficiency of dietary calcium
B)increased calcitonin levels
C)increased PTH secretion
D)osteitis fibrosa
52
Which of the following is the last step in the sequence of hormone synthesis in the adrenal medulla?
A)tyrosine
B)dopamine
C)epinephrine
D)norepinephrine
53
Which of the following is NOT true of aldosterone?
A)secreted from the zona glomerulosa
B)decreases blood Na+ levels
C)stimulated by angiotensin II
D)raises blood volume
54
Which of the following is the factor that initiates the other steps?
A)renin
B)angiotensin I
C)angiotensin-converting enzyme
D)aldosterone
55
Which of these is NOT true of cortisol?
A)stimulates gluconeogenesis
B)decreases blood glucose
C)decreases protein synthesis
D)stimulated by ACTH
56
The following relate to Cushing's syndrome EXCEPT which one?
A)moon face and buffalo hump
B)under-secretion of ACTH
C)over-secretion of ACTH
D)hyperglycemia
57
The following are true of insulin EXCEPT which one?
A)can cause hypoglycemia
B)can cause hyperglycemia
C)produced in the islets of Langerhans
D)antagonized by glucagon
58
In NIDDM, the patient is usually over forty and has normal levels of _____.
A)insulin
B)glucagon
C)blood lipids
D)somatostatin
59
The hormone melatonin is secreted from the _____ gland.
A)pituitary
B)pineal
C)thyroid
D)thymus
60
The _____ gland is important for producing immunity.
A)thyroid
B)pituitary
C)thymus
D)pancreas
61
Which gland produces a hormone, which stimulates the production of blood cells?
A)kidney
B)heart
C)liver
D)pancreas
62
In the general stress syndrome, all of the following are increased EXCEPT which one?
A)blood sugar
B)heart rate
C)blood pressure
D)digestion
63
Choose the statement about steroid hormones that is incorrect.
A)Steroids are lipids with complex ring structures.
B)Steroids can pass through their target cell membrane and interact with receptors in the nucleus.
C)Steroids employ first and second messengers that amplify the cellular response.
D)The estrogens and testosterone are examples of steroid hormones.
64
Prostaglandins are ___________ substances that regulate neighboring cells.
A)endocrine
B)paracrine
C)eccrine
D)glycoprotein
65
Cyclic AMP functions as a(n) _______________ for _______________ hormones.
A)binding site; nonsteroid
B)membrane receptor; steroid
C)activity site; G protein
D)second messenger; nonsteroid
66
Which of these is NOT a method the body uses to regulate its hormonal releases?
A)negative feedback
B)direct nervous stimulation
C)release of tropic hormones
D)degradation of the endocrine gland
67
Where are the posterior pituitary hormones manufactured?
A)in neurosecretory cells that originate in the hypothalamus
B)in the posterior pituitary
C)in the anterior pituitary
D)in the brain stem
68
Which one of these anterior pituitary hormones shows increased secretion in response to stress?
A)thyroid-stimulating hormone
B)adrenocorticotropic hormone
C)luteinizing hormone
D)prolactin
69
Drinking alcoholic beverages on hot days is not safe because alcohol inhibits the release of ____________ which normally helps to conserve water during dehydration.
A)antidiuretic hormone
B)oxytocin
C)thyroxine
D)triiodothyronine
70
Hypothyroidism in infants can result in _______________.
A)Grave's disease
B)cretinism
C)Hashimoto's disease
D)myxedema
71
Sex hormones are secreted by ________________.
A)all endocrine tissues of the body
B)the inner cortex of the adrenal gland
C)the inner cortex of the adrenal gland and the gonads
D)the gonads
72
In the pancreas, ______________ cells secrete insulin, which ____________ blood levels of glucose.
A)delta; raises
B)alpha; lowers
C)beta; raises
D)beta; lowers
73
What seems to be the cause of juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)?
A)The receptors on the target cells become no longer responsive to insulin.
B)Immune cells attack the pancreas that can then no longer produce insulin.
C)The individual consumes too much sugar, which causes an overload in the bloodstream.
D)Obesity seems to be the most common cause of IDDM.
74
The endocrine gland responsible for the body's circadian rhythm is the ______________ gland.
A)thymus
B)pineal
C)parathyroid
D)pituitary
75
Which of these is NOT an endocrine property?
A)hormones reach targets through the blood
B)effects are slow and cyclic
C)rapid acting effects
D)effects caused by chemicals
76
Which of these does NOT belong with the others?
A)protein
B)peptide
C)amino acid
D)steroid
77
In the "second messenger" theory, which is the first messenger?
A)cAMP
B)hormone
C)enzyme
D)receptor
78
Which of these is NOT an endocrine gland?
A)pancreas
B)testes
C)salivary gland
D)parathyroid
79
Which is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?
A)affect heart rate
B)control temperature
C)affect water balance
D)secrete FSH
80
Which of these hormones is released into the blood from the posterior pituitary?
A)FSH
B)LH
C)ACTH
D)ADH
81
The hormone _____ causes the contractions of labor.
A)prolactin
B)estrogen
C)oxytocin
D)progesterone
82
Which hormone causes excessive skeletal growth or giantism?
A)somatotropin
B)testosterone
C)insulin
D)somatostatin





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