Please answer all questions.
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| 1 | |
Which gastrointestinal layer is characterized by having tough, fibrous connective tissue? |
| | A) | mucosa |
| | B) | submucosa |
| | C) | muscle |
| | D) | serosa |
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| 2 | |
Which intestinal layer accounts for the action of the peristaltic waves? |
| | A) | serosa |
| | B) | muscularis |
| | C) | submucosa |
| | D) | mucous |
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| 3 | |
The alimentary tube is around _____ meters long. |
| | A) | 2 |
| | B) | 4 |
| | C) | 6 |
| | D) | 9 |
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| 4 | |
The _____ nervous system division usually stimulates and promotes digestion. |
| | A) | somatic |
| | B) | sympathetic |
| | C) | central |
| | D) | parasympathetic |
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| 5 | |
The processes of chewing are referred to as _____. |
| | A) | churning |
| | B) | mastication |
| | C) | peristalsis |
| | D) | deglutition |
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| 6 | |
The frenulum is the membrane attached to the inferior surface of the _____. |
| | A) | tongue |
| | B) | stomach |
| | C) | lips |
| | D) | liver |
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| 7 | |
The following are true of the tongue except which one? |
| | A) | contains skeletal muscle |
| | B) | attaches to hyoid bone |
| | C) | attaches to temporal bone |
| | D) | contains papillae |
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| 8 | |
The following areas contain tonsils except which one? |
| | A) | around the frenulum |
| | B) | oropharynx |
| | C) | nasopharynx |
| | D) | root of tongue |
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| 9 | |
Which lymphatic areas are most commonly the site of inflammation? |
| | A) | Peyer's patches |
| | B) | palatine tonsils |
| | C) | lingual tonsils |
| | D) | adenoids |
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| 10 | |
How many teeth will be produced in an average lifetime? |
| | A) | 20 |
| | B) | 32 |
| | C) | 30 |
| | D) | 52 |
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| 11 | |
The term wisdom tooth refers to the _____ tooth. |
| | A) | incisor |
| | B) | third molar |
| | C) | second bicuspid |
| | D) | first cuspid |
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| 12 | |
The portion of a tooth which lies within the mandible socket is called the _____. |
| | A) | dentin |
| | B) | crown |
| | C) | root |
| | D) | cementum |
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| 13 | |
Which part of a tooth most closely resembles bone tissue? |
| | A) | enamel |
| | B) | cementum |
| | C) | dentin |
| | D) | gingiva |
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| 14 | |
Which muscles constrict to prevent air from entering the esophagus during breathing? |
| | A) | superior constrictor |
| | B) | middle constrictor |
| | C) | inferior constrictor |
| | D) | esophageal |
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| 15 | |
A hiatal hernia is a weakness in the _____ muscle, which allows a portion of the digestive tract to enter the thoracic cavity. |
| | A) | diaphragm |
| | B) | stomach |
| | C) | intestinal |
| | D) | thoracic wall |
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| 16 | |
The _____ part of the stomach is the area the is connected to the esophagus. |
| | A) | cardiac |
| | B) | pyloric |
| | C) | fundus |
| | D) | body |
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| 17 | |
The _____ prevents food from entering the small intestine. |
| | A) | cardiac sphincter |
| | B) | pyloric valve |
| | C) | ileo-colic valve |
| | D) | sphincter of Oddi |
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| 18 | |
Gastric enzymes are secreted by the _____ cells. |
| | A) | chief |
| | B) | goblet |
| | C) | parietal |
| | D) | oxyntic |
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| 19 | |
Proteins are digested or broken down by the _____ in the stomach. |
| | A) | pepsinogen |
| | B) | pepsin |
| | C) | hydrochloric acid |
| | D) | lipase |
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| 20 | |
Parasympathetic stomach impulses cause all of the following except which one? |
| | A) | secretion of somatostatin |
| | B) | inhibition of somatostatin |
| | C) | secretion of gastrin |
| | D) | promotes histamine |
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| 21 | |
Gastrin secretion will stop when the stomach pH reaches _____. |
| | A) | 7.0 |
| | B) | 4.5 |
| | C) | 1.5 |
| | D) | 3.0 |
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| 22 | |
The alkaline tide occurs when _____ is secreted into the blood. |
| | A) | HCl |
| | B) | H+ |
| | C) | bicarbonate ions |
| | D) | phosphate ions |
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| 23 | |
What is the stimulus for cholecystokinin release? |
| | A) | chyme |
| | B) | lipids |
| | C) | protein |
| | D) | gastrin |
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| 24 | |
What blocks pancreatic secretions from entering the duodenum? |
| | A) | pyloric valve |
| | B) | sphincter of Oddi |
| | C) | the common bile duct |
| | D) | cholecystokinin secretion |
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| 25 | |
Which of the following triggers the formation of the others? |
| | A) | trypsin |
| | B) | enterokinase |
| | C) | carboxypeptidase |
| | D) | chymotrypsin |
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| 26 | |
Proteins are split by all of the following pancreatic factors except which one? |
| | A) | zymogen |
| | B) | chymotrypsin |
| | C) | trypsin |
| | D) | carboxypeptidase |
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| 27 | |
Pancreatitis is mainly the result of _____ activity. |
| | A) | bile |
| | B) | bacterial |
| | C) | carboxypeptidase |
| | D) | trypsin |
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| 28 | |
Which of the following are NOT active in the duodenum? |
| | A) | nuclease |
| | B) | enterokinase |
| | C) | pepsin |
| | D) | amylase |
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| 29 | |
Secretin from the duodenum causes the pancreas to produce secretions rich in _____. |
| | A) | proteolytic enzymes |
| | B) | amylase |
| | C) | lipase |
| | D) | bicarbonate |
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| 30 | |
Which of these is a hormone name? |
| | A) | trypsin |
| | B) | ribonuclease |
| | C) | cholecystokinin |
| | D) | chymotrypsinogen |
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| 31 | |
The hormone which causes the pancreas to secrete an enzyme rich fluid is _____. |
| | A) | cholecystokinin |
| | B) | secretin |
| | C) | enterogastrone |
| | D) | enterocrinin |
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| 32 | |
Which organ has the most metabolically active cells? |
| | A) | pancreas |
| | B) | liver |
| | C) | stomach |
| | D) | small intestine |
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| 33 | |
Urea is synthesized by the liver following _____ metabolism. |
| | A) | carbohydrate |
| | B) | protein |
| | C) | lipid |
| | D) | nucleic acid |
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| 34 | |
Ferritin is a globular protein that transports and stores ______ in the liver and blood. |
| | A) | glycogen |
| | B) | lipids |
| | C) | vitamin B12 |
| | D) | iron |
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| 35 | |
Which of the following vitamins is NOT stored in the liver? |
| | A) | C |
| | B) | D |
| | C) | B12 |
| | D) | A |
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| 36 | |
The liver stores ______ for energy. |
| | A) | nucleic acids |
| | B) | glycogen |
| | C) | glucose |
| | D) | vitamins |
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| 37 | |
Which of the following is NOT a function of the adult liver? |
| | A) | glycogen storage |
| | B) | detoxification |
| | C) | synthesis of clotting proteins |
| | D) | erythropoiesis |
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| 38 | |
The liver contains special blood channels termed _____. |
| | A) | sinusoids |
| | B) | central vein |
| | C) | hepatic cells |
| | D) | portal veins |
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| 39 | |
The falciform ligament separates the right from _____ lobe. |
| | A) | quadrate |
| | B) | left |
| | C) | caudate |
| | D) | pancreatic |
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| 40 | |
Which organ produces and secretes bile? |
| | A) | liver |
| | B) | gallbladder |
| | C) | pancreas |
| | D) | duodenum |
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| 41 | |
The Kupffer cells are phagocytic cells found in the _____. |
| | A) | gallbladder |
| | B) | pancreas |
| | C) | intestine |
| | D) | liver |
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| 42 | |
The buildup of bile pigment in tissues that can be caused by gallstones is _____. |
| | A) | hyperbilirubinemia |
| | B) | obstructive jaundice |
| | C) | hepatitis |
| | D) | hepatocellular jaundice |
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| 43 | |
Which of the following are liver waste products? |
| | A) | bilirubin |
| | B) | bile salts |
| | C) | cholesterol |
| | D) | electrolytes |
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| 44 | |
The _____ duct directly receives the fluids from the gallbladder. |
| | A) | cystic |
| | B) | common bile |
| | C) | hepatic |
| | D) | common hepatic |
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| 45 | |
The common bile duct is formed by the merger of the hepatic and _____ ducts. |
| | A) | common hepatic |
| | B) | cystic |
| | C) | pancreatic |
| | D) | Santorini |
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| 46 | |
The ampulla of Vater is the area that joins the common bile duct to the _____ duct. |
| | A) | hepatic |
| | B) | pancreatic |
| | C) | cystic |
| | D) | common hepatic |
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| 47 | |
Gallbladder stones are medically referred to as a _____ condition. |
| | A) | cholecystitis |
| | B) | cholecystectomy |
| | C) | cholelithiasis |
| | D) | cholesterol calculi |
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| 48 | |
Bile facilitates digestion by causing the _____ of fats. |
| | A) | hydrolysis |
| | B) | digestion |
| | C) | catalysis |
| | D) | emulsification |
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| 49 | |
Bile salts combine with fatty acids to form complexes called _____ that facilitate absorption. |
| | A) | chylomicrons |
| | B) | micelles |
| | C) | globules |
| | D) | lipoproteins |
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| 50 | |
Which of these is a water soluble vitamin? |
| | A) | D |
| | B) | C |
| | C) | E |
| | D) | K |
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| 51 | |
Which of the following acts to inhibit acid production? |
| | A) | secretin |
| | B) | somatostatin |
| | C) | cholecystokinin |
| | D) | gastrin |
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| 52 | |
Which area has the greatest amount of enzyme activity? |
| | A) | duodenum |
| | B) | colon |
| | C) | jejunum |
| | D) | ileum |
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| 53 | |
The shortest section of the intestines is the _____. |
| | A) | colon |
| | B) | duodenum |
| | C) | ileum |
| | D) | jejunum |
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| 54 | |
The membrane that hangs like an apron over the intestines is the _____. |
| | A) | mesentery |
| | B) | visceral peritoneum |
| | C) | parietal peritoneum |
| | D) | greater omentum |
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| 55 | |
The finger-like extensions inside the small intestine are called _____ and increase the surface area. |
| | A) | microvilli |
| | B) | villi |
| | C) | lacteals |
| | D) | lumens |
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| 56 | |
The _____ are vessels that project into the villi and absorb fatty substances. |
| | A) | lacteals |
| | B) | lymphatics |
| | C) | veins |
| | D) | arteries |
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| 57 | |
The following belong together except which one? |
| | A) | small intestine |
| | B) | large intestine |
| | C) | plicae circulares |
| | D) | crypts of Lieberkuhn |
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| 58 | |
Which of these does NOT belong with the others? |
| | A) | lipase |
| | B) | sucrase |
| | C) | maltase |
| | D) | lactase |
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| 59 | |
Which is the only area that can digest a double sugar? |
| | A) | jejunum |
| | B) | stomach |
| | C) | duodenum |
| | D) | pancreas |
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| 60 | |
Amylase could be found in all of these areas except which one? |
| | A) | mouth |
| | B) | stomach |
| | C) | duodenum |
| | D) | pancreas |
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| 61 | |
Most of the absorption of nutrients occurs in the _____. |
| | A) | colon |
| | B) | duodenum |
| | C) | jejunum |
| | D) | ileum |
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| 62 | |
Fatty acids and glycerol are released when _____ are broken down by liver or muscle cells. |
| | A) | micelles |
| | B) | chylomicrons |
| | C) | lacteals |
| | D) | lipoproteins |
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| 63 | |
Which of the following is NOT readily absorbed in the small intestine? |
| | A) | Na+ |
| | B) | Cl- |
| | C) | K+ |
| | D) | Mg2+ |
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| 64 | |
The ileocecal valve prevents chyme from entering the _____. |
| | A) | large intestine |
| | B) | small intestine |
| | C) | stomach |
| | D) | duodenum |
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| 65 | |
A peristaltic rush which results in a failure to absorb enough colon water results in _____. |
| | A) | constipation |
| | B) | diarrhea |
| | C) | cramps |
| | D) | flatus |
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| 66 | |
The _____________ layer of the alimentary canal contains loose connective tissue, glands, blood and lymphatic vessels, and nerves. |
| | A) | mucosa |
| | B) | submucosa |
| | C) | muscular layer |
| | D) | serosa |
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| 67 | |
Activities of the digestive system are generally increased by _________________ nervous stimulation. |
| | A) | sympathetic |
| | B) | parasympathetic |
| | C) | somatic |
| | D) | autonomic |
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| 68 | |
The purpose of the soft palate is to __________________. |
| | A) | house extra taste buds |
| | B) | sense temperature of food before it is swallowed |
| | C) | produce saliva and enzymatic secretions |
| | D) | close off the nasal cavity during swallowing |
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| 69 | |
What mouth part helps to mix food with saliva, moves food toward the pharynx for swallowing, and houses taste receptor cells? |
| | A) | lips |
| | B) | palate |
| | C) | tongue |
| | D) | cheeks |
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| 70 | |
Which salivary glands produce the most viscous saliva with lots of mucus? |
| | A) | sublingual glands |
| | B) | submandibular glands |
| | C) | parotid glands |
| | D) | serous cells |
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| 71 | |
What initiates the swallowing reflex? |
| | A) | fear of choking on food |
| | B) | the tongue rolling the bolus to the pharynx |
| | C) | sensory receptors detecting the bolus in the pharynx |
| | D) | secretion of saliva at the thought of food |
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| 72 | |
The main part of the stomach is the _______________ of the stomach. |
| | A) | cardiac region |
| | B) | fundic region |
| | C) | body |
| | D) | pyloric region |
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| 73 | |
Intrinsic factor is secreted by which cells of the gastric glands? |
| | A) | mucous cells |
| | B) | chief cells |
| | C) | peptic cells |
| | D) | parietal cells |
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| 74 | |
During which stage of gastric secretion do gastric glands actually begin secreting gastric juice? |
| | A) | cephalic phase |
| | B) | gastric phase |
| | C) | intestinal phase |
| | D) | enterogastric reflex |
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| 75 | |
The pancreas secretes enzymes that enter the small intestine and chemically digest chyme. Choose the enzyme(s) that break(s) down fats. |
| | A) | carboxypeptidase |
| | B) | pancreatic lipase |
| | C) | trypsinogen |
| | D) | pancreatic amylase |
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| 76 | |
What hormone does the small intestine release in response to acidic chyme? |
| | A) | cholecystokinin |
| | B) | secretin |
| | C) | digestin |
| | D) | gastrin |
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| 77 | |
What is the primary purpose of the liver in aiding digestion? |
| | A) | produces digestive enzymes |
| | B) | produces alkaline solution to neutralize stomach acidity |
| | C) | produces bile to emulsify fats in the small intestine |
| | D) | produces substances that aid the large intestine in water absorption |
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| 78 | |
How are the components of fats absorbed in the small intestine? |
| | A) | Specific receptor proteins carry fatty acids across the intestinal wall and into the bloodstream. |
| | B) | Fatty acids are transported by active transport to the bloodstream. |
| | C) | Components of lipids diffuse through small intestinal cell membranes, are reconstructed in the cells, then carried off by lacteals as chylomicrons. |
| | D) | Components of lipids diffuse through small intestinal cell membranes and into the bloodstream where they are carried to the liver for processing. |
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| 79 | |
What is the primary function of the large intestine? |
| | A) | to complete the absorption of most nutrients |
| | B) | to house gas-producing bacteria |
| | C) | to rid the body of toxins |
| | D) | to compact, store, and eliminate feces |
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| 80 | |
Where does the greatest amount of digestion occur? |
| | A) | small intestine |
| | B) | stomach |
| | C) | large intestine |
| | D) | liver |
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| 81 | |
Which term does NOT belong with the others? |
| | A) | teeth |
| | B) | mastication |
| | C) | esophagus |
| | D) | tongue |
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| 82 | |
The portion of a tooth below the gums is the _____. |
| | A) | dentin |
| | B) | crown |
| | C) | root |
| | D) | pulp |
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| 83 | |
The enzyme salivary amylase begins to digest which molecules? |
| | A) | proteins |
| | B) | carbohydrates |
| | C) | lipids |
| | D) | nucleic acids |
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| 84 | |
The surface area of the stomach is enhanced by the presence of folds called _____. |
| | A) | rugae |
| | B) | villi |
| | C) | microvilli |
| | D) | plicae |
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| 85 | |
Where would the least amount of bacteria be found? |
| | A) | small intestine |
| | B) | colon |
| | C) | stomach |
| | D) | pharynx |
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| 86 | |
What normally holds the intestines in position within the abdominal cavity? |
| | A) | mesentery |
| | B) | gravity |
| | C) | adipose |
| | D) | stomach muscles |
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| 87 | |
The pancreatic duct connects to what part of the digestive tube? |
| | A) | jejunum |
| | B) | liver |
| | C) | ileum |
| | D) | duodenum |
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| 88 | |
The appendix is attached to which of the following structures? |
| | A) | transverse colon |
| | B) | descending colon |
| | C) | ascending colon |
| | D) | cecum |
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| 89 | |
Which of these vitamins is formed by bacteria in the colon? |
| | A) | C |
| | B) | D |
| | C) | B6 |
| | D) | K |
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