Please answer all questions.
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| 1 | |
Energy is derived mainly from the metabolism of _____. |
| | A) | protein |
| | B) | nucleic acids |
| | C) | lipids |
| | D) | carbohydrates |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others? |
| | A) | lignin |
| | B) | cellulose |
| | C) | glycogen |
| | D) | pectin |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following is most commonly oxidized for energy? |
| | A) | fructose |
| | B) | glucose |
| | C) | galactose |
| | D) | sucrose |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following is NOT utilized for energy? |
| | A) | glucose |
| | B) | glycogen |
| | C) | ribose |
| | D) | galactose |
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| 5 | |
Which tissue cannot store glycogen or lipids for energy? |
| | A) | nervous |
| | B) | skeletal muscle |
| | C) | liver |
| | D) | cardiac |
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| 6 | |
In order to prevent protein losses, an adult must consume at least _____ grams of carbohydrate daily. |
| | A) | 125 |
| | B) | 25 |
| | C) | 75 |
| | D) | 400 |
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| 7 | |
Which of the following is most likely used for energy? |
| | A) | cholesterol |
| | B) | triglycerides |
| | C) | phospholipids |
| | D) | fats |
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| 8 | |
Which of the following is a good source of cholesterol? |
| | A) | olive oil |
| | B) | peanut oil |
| | C) | Swiss cheese |
| | D) | egg yolk |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following can be synthesized by the liver? |
| | A) | cholesterol |
| | B) | linoleic acid |
| | C) | arachidonic acid |
| | D) | linolenic acid |
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| 10 | |
Excess _____ are stored in the adipose tissue and can be converted to fatty acids on demand. |
| | A) | cholesterol molecules |
| | B) | triglycerides |
| | C) | glycerol molecules |
| | D) | carbohydrates |
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| 11 | |
A diet that is _____% fat is considered healthy. |
| | A) | 5 |
| | B) | over 30 |
| | C) | under 30 |
| | D) | 50 |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following is the usual precursor to the others? |
| | A) | cholesterol |
| | B) | lipoproteins |
| | C) | phospholipids |
| | D) | triglycerides |
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| 13 | |
There are _____ essential amino acids that must be included in the diet of a child. |
| | A) | 20 |
| | B) | 5 |
| | C) | 10 |
| | D) | 8 |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following is NOT an essential adult amino acid? |
| | A) | methionine |
| | B) | phenylalanine |
| | C) | isoleucine |
| | D) | alanine |
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| 15 | |
Arginine and _____ are additional amino acids that must be provided to children. |
| | A) | glutamine |
| | B) | glycine |
| | C) | histidine |
| | D) | cysteine |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following is a source of incomplete protein? |
| | A) | fish |
| | B) | corn |
| | C) | poultry |
| | D) | milk |
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| 17 | |
Which of these functions is the least important for proteins? |
| | A) | become blood osmotic proteins |
| | B) | convert to enzymes |
| | C) | utilization for energy |
| | D) | component of structures |
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| 18 | |
Which of the following is NOT a protein derivative? |
| | A) | collagen |
| | B) | keratin |
| | C) | hemoglobin |
| | D) | cortisol |
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| 19 | |
Nutritional edema will develop in a _____ deficiency. |
| | A) | protein |
| | B) | carbohydrate |
| | C) | lipid |
| | D) | electrolyte |
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| 20 | |
How many calories are needed to raise 10 grams of water from 27 to 37 degrees Celsius? |
| | A) | 100 kcal |
| | B) | 100 cal |
| | C) | 10 Cal |
| | D) | 1,000 cal |
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| 21 | |
Which food would yield the greatest number of calories? |
| | A) | 10 gram steak |
| | B) | 10 gram bread |
| | C) | 10 gram cheese |
| | D) | 15 gram rice |
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| 22 | |
What of the following would be most accurate in the assessment of a basal metabolic rate? |
| | A) | oxygen consumption |
| | B) | total calories consumed |
| | C) | total calories burned |
| | D) | blood pressure |
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| 23 | |
The average basal metabolic rate requires one calorie of energy per hour for each _____ of body weight. |
| | A) | gram |
| | B) | kilogram |
| | C) | 10 grams |
| | D) | 10 kilograms |
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| 24 | |
Which of the following does NOT tend to decrease basal metabolic rate? |
| | A) | being female |
| | B) | larger individuals |
| | C) | body temperature of 97 F |
| | D) | thyroxine levels |
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| 25 | |
Which has the highest caloric usage per hour? |
| | A) | jogging |
| | B) | walking up stairs |
| | C) | vigorous exercise |
| | D) | swimming |
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| 26 | |
The desirable weight for a 26-year-old female who is 5 feet and has a medium frame is around _____ pounds. |
| | A) | 100 |
| | B) | 150 |
| | C) | 110 |
| | D) | 90 |
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| 27 | |
Persons are considered obese if their weight is _____ over the desired weight. |
| | A) | 50 lbs |
| | B) | 10% |
| | C) | 19% |
| | D) | 21% |
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| 28 | |
Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin? |
| | A) | A |
| | B) | B |
| | C) | D |
| | D) | E |
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| 29 | |
Which of the following does NOT contain vitamin A? |
| | A) | carrots |
| | B) | fish |
| | C) | milk |
| | D) | liver |
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| 30 | |
Which of the following is derived from vitamin A? |
| | A) | rhodopsin |
| | B) | beta-carotene |
| | C) | bile salts |
| | D) | cholesterol |
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| 31 | |
Which of these factors causes vitamin A destruction? |
| | A) | heat |
| | B) | acid |
| | C) | light |
| | D) | alkali |
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| 32 | |
What is the most active form of vitamin D? |
| | A) | dihydroxycholecalciferol |
| | B) | cholecalciferol |
| | C) | hydroxycholecalciferol |
| | D) | ergocalciferol |
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| 33 | |
Which organ is the last to convert vitamin D to its most active form? |
| | A) | liver |
| | B) | skin |
| | C) | kidney |
| | D) | intestine |
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| 34 | |
Which is the best source of vitamin D? |
| | A) | natural cow's milk |
| | B) | enriched milk |
| | C) | fortified milk |
| | D) | vegetables |
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| 35 | |
Vitamin D deficiency could result in poor _____. |
| | A) | vision |
| | B) | bone growth |
| | C) | skin development |
| | D) | neurologic functions |
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| 36 | |
Which of these is a potent anti-oxidizing agent? |
| | A) | vitamin A |
| | B) | vitamin E |
| | C) | alpha-tocopherol |
| | D) | vitamin D |
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| 37 | |
The most important vitamin which promotes normal blood clotting is vitamin _____. |
| | A) | A |
| | B) | B complex |
| | C) | C |
| | D) | K |
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| 38 | |
A rich source of vitamin K is _____. |
| | A) | spinach |
| | B) | eggs |
| | C) | wheat |
| | D) | tomatoes |
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| 39 | |
Which of the following is NOT a B complex vitamin? |
| | A) | niacin |
| | B) | riboflavin |
| | C) | cyanocobalamin |
| | D) | phylloquinone |
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| 40 | |
Which of the following is most important vitamin for carbohydrate metabolism? |
| | A) | vitamin C |
| | B) | vitamin A |
| | C) | B-complex vitamins |
| | D) | ascorbic acid |
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| 41 | |
Cocarboxylase is an enzyme that utilizes the vitamin _____ as part of its structure. |
| | A) | thiamin |
| | B) | niacin |
| | C) | riboflavin |
| | D) | folic acid |
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| 42 | |
Alcoholics are particularly susceptible to develop a _____ deficiency. |
| | A) | vitamin D |
| | B) | vitamin E |
| | C) | thiamin |
| | D) | riboflavin |
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| 43 | |
FAD is a metabolic coenzyme that requires _____ in its structure. |
| | A) | vitamin C |
| | B) | thiamine |
| | C) | vitamin B2 |
| | D) | vitamin B1 |
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| 44 | |
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that can be used to synthesize the vitamin _____ in human cells. |
| | A) | riboflavin |
| | B) | niacin |
| | C) | cyanocobalamin |
| | D) | folic acid |
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| 45 | |
Coenzymes I and II have _____ as part of their structure. |
| | A) | folic acid |
| | B) | pantothenate |
| | C) | niacin |
| | D) | riboflavin |
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| 46 | |
Which of these results from niacin deficiency? |
| | A) | beriberi |
| | B) | rickets |
| | C) | pellagra |
| | D) | megaloblastic anemia |
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| 47 | |
Pyridoxine is a chemical name for vitamin _____. |
| | A) | B6 |
| | B) | B12 |
| | C) | B1 |
| | D) | B2 |
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| 48 | |
Acetyl coenzyme A has _____ in its structure. |
| | A) | flavoprotein |
| | B) | folic acid |
| | C) | niacin |
| | D) | pantothenic acid |
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| 49 | |
Pernicious anemia will develop in the absence of intrinsic factor or vitamin _____. |
| | A) | B6 |
| | B) | folic acid |
| | C) | E |
| | D) | B12 |
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| 50 | |
Vitamin C is necessary for the synthesis of _____. |
| | A) | collagen |
| | B) | keratin |
| | C) | erythrocytes |
| | D) | visual pigments |
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| 51 | |
Vitamin C is closely related to _____ in structure. |
| | A) | glucose |
| | B) | protein |
| | C) | vitamin D |
| | D) | biotin |
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| 52 | |
The most abundant minerals in the body are calcium and _____. |
| | A) | magnesium |
| | B) | sodium |
| | C) | phosphate |
| | D) | chloride |
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| 53 | |
Phosphate is important for which of the following? |
| | A) | bone matrix |
| | B) | ATP and energy reactions |
| | C) | DNA and RNA |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 54 | |
Methionine and cysteine are unique amino acids because they contain the element _____. |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | carbon |
| | C) | sulfur |
| | D) | oxygen |
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| 55 | |
The most abundant extracellular cation, conserved by aldosterone is _____. |
| | A) | potassium |
| | B) | sodium |
| | C) | chloride |
| | D) | calcium |
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| 56 | |
Which ion is most important in oxygen transport? |
| | A) | iron |
| | B) | Mg2+ |
| | C) | Cl- |
| | D) | iodine |
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| 57 | |
The trace mineral _____ is essential for hemoglobin and neurological functions. |
| | A) | Mn2+ |
| | B) | Cu2+ |
| | C) | Fe2+ |
| | D) | Na+ |
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| 58 | |
Nutrients that the body needs but cannot synthesize on its own are called __________________. |
| | A) | essential nutrients |
| | B) | RDAs |
| | C) | macronutrients |
| | D) | micronutrients |
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| 59 | |
Which of these carbohydrates is NOT a good source of energy for humans? |
| | A) | beet sugar |
| | B) | molasses |
| | C) | cellulose |
| | D) | fruits |
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| 60 | |
Choose the carbohydrate that is NOT a monosaccharide absorbed from the digestive tract. |
| | A) | fructose |
| | B) | maltose |
| | C) | galactose |
| | D) | glucose |
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| 61 | |
Which cells of the body, under normal circumstances, must have energy in the form of glucose in order to survive? |
| | A) | skin cells |
| | B) | muscle cells |
| | C) | neurons |
| | D) | cells of the liver |
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| 62 | |
How does the body make use of dietary cholesterol? |
| | A) | It is used as an energy source. |
| | B) | It is used to line arteries. |
| | C) | It is used for structural material in cell membranes. |
| | D) | It is stored in adipose tissue. |
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| 63 | |
The American Heart Association recommends that dietary fat should constitute no more than ________ of daily caloric intake. |
| | A) | 10% |
| | B) | 30% |
| | C) | 50% |
| | D) | 70% |
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| 64 | |
Which of these is NOT one of the ways the body uses dietary protein? |
| | A) | to help regulate osmotic balance of the blood |
| | B) | as an energy source |
| | C) | for building and repairing tissue |
| | D) | to synthesize bile |
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| 65 | |
The basal metabolic rate (BMR) measures the rate of energy expenditure when _________________. |
| | A) | a dieter is fasting |
| | B) | the person is asleep |
| | C) | the person is doing light office work |
| | D) | the body is awake but resting |
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| 66 | |
Which vitamin is fat-soluble and has carotene as its precursor? |
| | A) | vitamin A |
| | B) | vitamin B6 |
| | C) | vitamin D |
| | D) | vitamin C |
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| 67 | |
Intrinsic factor is necessary for the absorption of which vitamin? |
| | A) | vitamin B12 |
| | B) | vitamin C |
| | C) | vitamin E |
| | D) | folic acid |
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| 68 | |
Neural tube defects are easily prevented by the adequate intake of _____________ by the pregnant mother. |
| | A) | biotin |
| | B) | folacin |
| | C) | pantothenic acid |
| | D) | ascorbic acid (vitamin C) |
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| 69 | |
Which major mineral makes a major contribution to the solute concentration of extracellular fluids? |
| | A) | calcium |
| | B) | phosphorus |
| | C) | sodium |
| | D) | potassium |
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| 70 | |
The trace element _____________ is necessary for wound healing, and a deficiency of it results in depressed immunity. |
| | A) | iron |
| | B) | copper |
| | C) | cobalt |
| | D) | zinc |
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| 71 | |
Which term would be used to describe the synthesis of a cellular protein? |
| | A) | metabolism |
| | B) | catabolism |
| | C) | anabolism |
| | D) | hydrolysis |
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| 72 | |
Which of these is a disaccharide? |
| | A) | lactose |
| | B) | glucose |
| | C) | fructose |
| | D) | galactose |
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| 73 | |
The carbohydrate _____is critical for the function of genes. |
| | A) | deoxyribose |
| | B) | ribose |
| | C) | pectin |
| | D) | hemicellulose |
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| 74 | |
Which carbohydrate can be found in a steak? |
| | A) | triglyceride |
| | B) | glycogen |
| | C) | glucose |
| | D) | amino acid |
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| 75 | |
An essential compound NOT readily synthesized in the liver is _____. |
| | A) | lipoprotein |
| | B) | linoleic acid |
| | C) | fatty acid |
| | D) | cholesterol |
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| 76 | |
A diet that contains _____will have sufficient amino acids. |
| | A) | rice and potatoes |
| | B) | rice and beans |
| | C) | corn and potatoes |
| | D) | rice and corn |
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| 77 | |
How many calories are produced from 10g carbohydrate, 5g fat, and 2g protein? |
| | A) | 55 |
| | B) | 1,098 |
| | C) | 100 |
| | D) | 80 |
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| 78 | |
Of the following, which factors influence basal metabolic rate to the greatest extent? |
| | A) | thyroid hormone |
| | B) | a high fat diet |
| | C) | more than 3,000 calorie diet |
| | D) | cigarette smoking |
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| 79 | |
Which of these is the hormonally active form of vitamin D? |
| | A) | ergocalciferol |
| | B) | dihydroxycholecalciferol |
| | C) | cholecalciferol |
| | D) | vitamin D2 |
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| 80 | |
Hemorrhaging could occur because of lack of sufficient vitamin ____. |
| | A) | A |
| | B) | D |
| | C) | E |
| | D) | K |
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| 81 | |
The most essential vitamin required to allow carbon to enter the citric acid cycle is ____. |
| | A) | riboflavin |
| | B) | folic acid |
| | C) | pantothenic acid |
| | D) | pyridoxine |
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