Please answer all questions.
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| 1 | |
What is the collective term for all of the chemical processes occurring within a cell? |
| | A) | anabolism |
| | B) | catabolism |
| | C) | metabolism |
| | D) | syntheses |
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| 2 | |
Synthesis is a term, which could be used synonymously with _____. |
| | A) | metabolism |
| | B) | anabolism |
| | C) | catabolism |
| | D) | dehydration |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following is an example of catabolism? |
| | A) | hydration |
| | B) | hydrolysis |
| | C) | protein synthesis |
| | D) | peptide synthesis |
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| 4 | |
A _____ bond is formed when an amino group of one amino acid joins the acid group of another. |
| | A) | carbohydrate |
| | B) | peptide |
| | C) | hydrated |
| | D) | fat |
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| 5 | |
A protein with many amino acids is called a _____. |
| | A) | peptide |
| | B) | dipeptide |
| | C) | polypeptide |
| | D) | polymer |
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| 6 | |
The chemical process of _____ is involved in the digestion of a compound such as a disaccharide. |
| | A) | dehydration |
| | B) | hydrolysis |
| | C) | synthesis |
| | D) | anabolism |
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| 7 | |
Which of the following factors would increase the rate of a reaction the most? |
| | A) | temperature |
| | B) | concentration |
| | C) | type of substrate |
| | D) | enzymes |
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| 8 | |
The molecule that is acted upon by an enzyme is a__________. |
| | A) | reactant |
| | B) | product |
| | C) | substrate |
| | D) | catalyst |
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| 9 | |
The _____ will decompose hydrogen peroxide. |
| | A) | enzyme catalase |
| | B) | presence of any enzyme |
| | C) | enzyme hydrolase |
| | D) | mitochondria |
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| 10 | |
The following belong together except which one? |
| | A) | liver |
| | B) | kidney |
| | C) | catalase |
| | D) | hydrolysis |
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| 11 | |
Penicillin acts to render bacterial cells nonviable because it damages their _____. |
| | A) | proteins |
| | B) | DNA |
| | C) | cell walls |
| | D) | cell membranes |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following will catalyze the breakdown of starches? |
| | A) | protease |
| | B) | amylase |
| | C) | lipase |
| | D) | sucrase |
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| 13 | |
Which of these is an enzyme name? |
| | A) | amylose |
| | B) | sucrose |
| | C) | lipase |
| | D) | protein |
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| 14 | |
The substrate for lipase would be _____. |
| | A) | fats |
| | B) | sucrose |
| | C) | a protein |
| | D) | maltose |
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| 15 | |
The following terms belong together except which one? |
| | A) | enzyme |
| | B) | vitamin |
| | C) | glucose |
| | D) | mineral |
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| 16 | |
What are the most common coenzyme molecules used to activate an enzyme? |
| | A) | minerals |
| | B) | vitamins |
| | C) | hormones |
| | D) | proteins |
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| 17 | |
The following factors will decrease the function of most enzymes except which one? |
| | A) | radiation |
| | B) | 50 degrees C |
| | C) | pH of 7.9 |
| | D) | pH of 7.4 |
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| 18 | |
Most reactions that produce energy in a cell utilize _____ as the main reaction type. |
| | A) | catalysis |
| | B) | oxidation |
| | C) | reduction |
| | D) | hydrolysis |
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| 19 | |
Energy metabolism is an expression that can be used to mean the same as _____. |
| | A) | oxidation |
| | B) | anabolism |
| | C) | cellular respiration |
| | D) | cellular metabolism |
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| 20 | |
If glucose were oxidized completely, the reactions would yield a total of _____ ATP molecules. |
| | A) | 2 |
| | B) | 36 |
| | C) | 38 |
| | D) | 6 |
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| 21 | |
Respiration yields _____ as a gaseous waste product. |
| | A) | hydrogen |
| | B) | water |
| | C) | carbon dioxide |
| | D) | oxygen |
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| 22 | |
Of the following, the molecule with the greatest amount of usable cell energy is _____. |
| | A) | ADP |
| | B) | glucose |
| | C) | GTP |
| | D) | ATP |
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| 23 | |
Which part of ATP contains the most energy? |
| | A) | ADP |
| | B) | ribose |
| | C) | adenine base |
| | D) | phosphate |
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| 24 | |
Carbohydrates in the diet are changed into glucose by a process of _____. |
| | A) | anabolism |
| | B) | hydrolysis |
| | C) | catalysis |
| | D) | glycolysis |
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| 25 | |
The following are true of glycolysis except which statement? |
| | A) | the end product is pyruvic acid |
| | B) | occurs outside of the mitochondria |
| | C) | requires oxygen |
| | D) | is anaerobic |
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| 26 | |
How many net ATP molecules result from glycolysis? |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 2 |
| | C) | 6 |
| | D) | 38 |
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| 27 | |
Before entering the Kreb cycle, pyruvic acid must be converted to a/an _____ molecule. |
| | A) | glucose |
| | B) | citric acid |
| | C) | lactic acid |
| | D) | acetyl coenzyme A |
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| 28 | |
The following are end products of the Kreb cycle except which one? |
| | A) | ATP |
| | B) | pyruvate |
| | C) | citric acid |
| | D) | carbon dioxide |
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| 29 | |
Which of these is the last to be produced in glycolysis? |
| | A) | phosphoenolpyruvic acid |
| | B) | glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate |
| | C) | 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid |
| | D) | 3-phosphoglyceric acid |
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| 30 | |
In the Kreb cycle, the acetyl coenzyme A combines with _____ to form citric acid. |
| | A) | glucose |
| | B) | pyruvic acid |
| | C) | oxaloacetic acid |
| | D) | pantothenic acid |
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| 31 | |
Which vitamin is essential to the formation of acetyl coenzyme A? |
| | A) | B12 |
| | B) | B6 |
| | C) | pantothenic acid |
| | D) | niacin |
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| 32 | |
Which of the following results in the greatest amount of ATP? |
| | A) | glycolysis |
| | B) | citric acid cycle |
| | C) | electron transport |
| | D) | acetyl coenzyme A synthesis |
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| 33 | |
The following are true of NAD and FAD except which statement? |
| | A) | are vitamin derivatives |
| | B) | contain nucleotides |
| | C) | transport hydrogen |
| | D) | are in the Kreb cycle |
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| 34 | |
In the cytochrome oxidase system, the final acceptor of a pair of electrons is _____. |
| | A) | cytochrome |
| | B) | water |
| | C) | ATP |
| | D) | oxygen |
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| 35 | |
What is oxidized during oxidative phosphorylation? |
| | A) | carbon dioxide |
| | B) | hydrogen |
| | C) | glucose |
| | D) | citric acid |
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| 36 | |
Excess glucose or its end products can be stored as _____ if they are not completely oxidized. |
| | A) | citrate |
| | B) | glycogen |
| | C) | triglycerides |
| | D) | pyruvate |
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| 37 | |
The presence of _____ is an indication that glucose has been completely oxidized. |
| | A) | water |
| | B) | ATP |
| | C) | carbon dioxide |
| | D) | glycogen polymers |
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| 38 | |
The most common form of a lipid that is used or burned for energy is called a _____. |
| | A) | cholesterol |
| | B) | fat |
| | C) | oil |
| | D) | triglyceride |
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| 39 | |
The metabolically most active organ in the body probably is the _____. |
| | A) | brain |
| | B) | liver |
| | C) | skeletal muscle |
| | D) | heart |
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| 40 | |
Glycerol can enter the Kreb cycle if it is converted to _____. |
| | A) | water |
| | B) | glucose |
| | C) | acetyl coenzyme A |
| | D) | a fatty acid form |
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| 41 | |
The potentially harmful chemicals resulting from lipid metabolism are the _____. |
| | A) | fatty acids |
| | B) | cholesterol derivatives |
| | C) | ketones |
| | D) | acetyl coenzyme A fragments |
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| 42 | |
Ketones are molecules that result from _____ metabolism. |
| | A) | fat |
| | B) | protein |
| | C) | carbohydrate |
| | D) | nucleic acid |
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| 43 | |
What is the one limiting factor that prevents humans from using lipids for energy rather than carbohydrates? |
| | A) | fats are too large |
| | B) | insufficient vitamins available |
| | C) | not enough oxygen available |
| | D) | lipids form ketones |
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| 44 | |
The most significant function of proteins is to produce _____. |
| | A) | amino acids |
| | B) | energy |
| | C) | cell structures |
| | D) | DNA molecules |
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| 45 | |
Which molecule contains the genetic code? |
| | A) | RNA |
| | B) | proteins |
| | C) | DNA |
| | D) | adenine bases |
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| 46 | |
A gene instructs an organism to produce a/an _____. |
| | A) | observable trait |
| | B) | protein |
| | C) | DNA sequence |
| | D) | dividing cell population |
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| 47 | |
The fundamental units found in DNA, RNA and ATP are _____. |
| | A) | proteins |
| | B) | nucleic acids |
| | C) | nucleotides |
| | D) | nitrogenous bases |
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| 48 | |
The double helix structure is part of the _____ molecule. |
| | A) | ribonucleic acid |
| | B) | DNA |
| | C) | protein |
| | D) | glycogen |
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| 49 | |
One strand of DNA is connected to the other by the _____. |
| | A) | phosphate groups |
| | B) | pentose sugars |
| | C) | carbon chains |
| | D) | nitrogen bases |
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| 50 | |
The following are DNA bases except which one? |
| | A) | adenine |
| | B) | thymine |
| | C) | uracil |
| | D) | guanine |
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| 51 | |
The base thymine can pair with the base _____. |
| | A) | thymine |
| | B) | adenine |
| | C) | cytosine |
| | D) | guanine |
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| 52 | |
The genetic code is transferred from DNA to _____. |
| | A) | mRNA |
| | B) | tRNA |
| | C) | rRNA |
| | D) | proteins |
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| 53 | |
The following belong together except which one? |
| | A) | ribose |
| | B) | phosphate |
| | C) | uracil |
| | D) | thymine |
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| 54 | |
What is a complimentary mRNA sequence for DNA A,T,C,C,G? |
| | A) | TAGGC |
| | B) | UAGGC |
| | C) | CGUUA |
| | D) | TACCG |
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| 55 | |
A genetic code is a sequence of _____. |
| | A) | three bases |
| | B) | three amino acids |
| | C) | six bases |
| | D) | tRNA |
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| 56 | |
A set of nucleotides called the _____ in RNA recognizes the nucleotide genetic codes of DNA. |
| | A) | anti-code |
| | B) | cistron |
| | C) | codon |
| | D) | anti-codon |
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| 57 | |
What is the anticodon for DNA base sequence ATG? |
| | A) | TAG |
| | B) | UAG |
| | C) | UAC |
| | D) | AUG |
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| 58 | |
The amino acids are transported to the place where they will be assembled into proteins by _____. |
| | A) | mRNA |
| | B) | tRNA |
| | C) | rRNA |
| | D) | proteins |
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| 59 | |
Which statement is NOT true about catabolic processes? |
| | A) | They break down larger molecules into smaller ones. |
| | B) | They decompose carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. |
| | C) | Water molecules separate bonds, resulting in smaller molecules. |
| | D) | Dehydration synthesis is involved in catabolic processes. |
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| 60 | |
Enzymes function in chemical reactions to ____________________. |
| | A) | lower the energy of activation needed to start the reaction |
| | B) | act as substrate molecules |
| | C) | prevent the development of metabolic pathways |
| | D) | keep reactants from interacting |
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| 61 | |
Most of the readily-available energy stored in ATP is stored during the ________________. |
| | A) | decomposition of ATP to ADP |
| | B) | phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP |
| | C) | phosphorylation of AMP to ADP |
| | D) | manufacture of adenosine |
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| 62 | |
The first several steps of glycolysis are considered the energy-investment steps because ______________. |
| | A) | energy within glucose is expended to start the pathway |
| | B) | energy is stored in the form of ATP and expended later |
| | C) | energy from ATP is transferred to intermediates along the pathway to drive the reactions |
| | D) | metabolic pathways can be interconnected, and glucose could enter more than one pathway |
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| 63 | |
The acetyl group is transported to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) by what carrier? |
| | A) | mitochondrial inner membrane |
| | B) | FADH2 |
| | C) | coenzyme A |
| | D) | oxaloacetic acid |
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| 64 | |
What occurs during the citric acid cycle? |
| | A) | Glucose is generated. |
| | B) | Electrons are passed along cytochromes. |
| | C) | Carbon dioxide and hydrogen atoms are released, and two molecules of ATP form. |
| | D) | Oxaloacetic acid is regenerated from coenzyme A. |
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| 65 | |
Metabolic pathways are regulated by a(n) ____________ enzyme, which is also often the first enzyme in a series. |
| | A) | activating |
| | B) | rate-limiting |
| | C) | accelerating |
| | D) | threshold |
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| 66 | |
A genetic mutation refers to _________________. |
| | A) | a missing chromosome only |
| | B) | a missing or altered nucleotide base or a missing gene |
| | C) | an effect that is deleterious only |
| | D) | an effect that is beneficial, at least most of the time |
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| 67 | |
Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction? |
| | A) | synthesis of cholesterol |
| | B) | production of ketones |
| | C) | hydrolysis of proteins |
| | D) | dehydration reactions involving monosaccharides |
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| 68 | |
If sufficient oxygen within a cell were available, what would be the end product of glycolysis? |
| | A) | pyruvic acid |
| | B) | lactic acid |
| | C) | phosphoenolpyruvate |
| | D) | glucose-6-phosphate |
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| 69 | |
What are the direct end products of the Citric Acid Cycle? |
| | A) | carbon dioxide and ATP |
| | B) | ATP and acetyl-coenzyme-A |
| | C) | ADP and heat |
| | D) | citric acid |
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| 70 | |
What are the final end products of the electron transport chain? |
| | A) | ATP and NADH |
| | B) | ATP and water |
| | C) | ADP and hydrogen |
| | D) | ATP and oxygen |
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| 71 | |
Which molecule represents the storage form of glucose in the liver? |
| | A) | glycogen |
| | B) | glucagon |
| | C) | disaccharide |
| | D) | lactic acid |
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| 72 | |
The first step in the utilization of amino acids for energy is ________which occurs in the liver. |
| | A) | beta oxidation |
| | B) | deamination |
| | C) | hydrolysis |
| | D) | amino acid synthesis |
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| 73 | |
Genes are functional regions found within molecules of ______. |
| | A) | ribonucleic acid |
| | B) | adenosine triphosphate |
| | C) | adenine and guanine |
| | D) | deoxyribonucleic acid |
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| 74 | |
The production of mRNA from a DNA template is termed _____. |
| | A) | transcription |
| | B) | translation |
| | C) | replication |
| | D) | mutation |
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| 75 | |
The base sequence termed the anticodon is found on molecules of _______. |
| | A) | DNA |
| | B) | tRNA |
| | C) | mRNA |
| | D) | rRNA |
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