Please answer all questions.

1			The skin is called the _____ membrane.
			A)	epithelial
			B)	serous
			C)	synovial
			D)	cutaneous
2			The _____ separates the epidermis from the dermis.
			A)	epithelial cells
			B)	presence of adipose
			C)	basement membrane
			D)	subcutaneous layer
3			The youngest cells would be found in the stratum _____.
			A)	corneum
			B)	basale
			C)	spinosum
			D)	granulosum
4			Where is the greatest amount of keratin found?
			A)	dermis
			B)	stratum basale
			C)	stratum corneum
			D)	stratum spinosum
5			The stratum basale is also called the stratum _____.
			A)	corneum
			B)	spinosum
			C)	granulosum
			D)	germinativum
6			Calluses are thickened areas that are formed in response to a/an _____.
			A)	lack of blood flow
			B)	increase in friction or pressure
			C)	increase in abnormal mitosis
			D)	increase in blood flow
7			The following terms belong together except which one?
			A)	bedsore
			B)	necrosis
			C)	decubitus ulcer
			D)	pressure ulcer
8			The pigment producing melanocytes are found in the _____ layer.
			A)	spinosum
			B)	granulosum
			C)	basale
			D)	corneum
9			What is the major factor that protects skin from the damaging effects of sunlight?
			A)	moisture in the skin
			B)	the thickness of the stratum corneum
			C)	the presence of melanin
			D)	active mitosis
10			The following are functions of the skin except which one?
			A)	protects joints
			B)	prevents water loss
			C)	reduces the chance of infection
			D)	protects against harmful chemicals
11			Cells that surround melanocytes may contain more melanin than the melanocytes because of the process of _____.
			A)	mutation
			B)	cell rupture
			C)	having cellular extensions
			D)	cytocrine secretion
12			Skin cancer most likely arises from which type cells?
			A)	dermal
			B)	melanocytes
			C)	epithelial cells
			D)	stratum corneum cells
13			The _____ structures are associated with detecting deep pressure within the skin.
			A)	Meissner corpuscles
			B)	free nerve endings
			C)	Pacinian corpuscles
			D)	motor nerve fibers
14			Most of the sensory fibers and structures are located in the _____ region.
			A)	dermis
			B)	subcutaneous
			C)	epidermis
			D)	stratum basale
15			Tactile corpuscles respond to a stimulus of _____.
			A)	pressure
			B)	heat
			C)	light touch
			D)	cold objects
16			The subcutaneous layer can also be referred to as the _____.
			A)	dermis
			B)	epidermis
			C)	stratum malpighii
			D)	hypodermis
17			The presence of _____ is an indication of being in the hypodermis.
			A)	melanin
			B)	keratin
			C)	adipose tissue
			D)	blood vessels
18			The main tissue in the dermis is _____.
			A)	regular dense connective tissue
			B)	stratified squamous epithelium
			C)	smooth muscle
			D)	irregular dense connective tissue
19			What is the main factor in preserving body heat?
			A)	the thickness of the epidermis
			B)	the presence of adipose
			C)	skin moisture
			D)	adequate dermal blood vessels
20			The part of the hair from the surface into the dermis is the _____.
			A)	shaft
			B)	follicle
			C)	root
			D)	dermal papilla
21			A group of cells that surrounds the developing hair is called the _____.
			A)	shaft
			B)	follicle
			C)	root
			D)	cuticle
22			The darkness of hair is due mainly due to _____.
			A)	the density of the shaft
			B)	melanin concentration
			C)	lack of air gaps
			D)	keratin distribution
23			The color of red hair is due to _____.
			A)	trichosiderin
			B)	melanin
			C)	keratin
			D)	lack of melanin
24			Goose bumps in the skin are caused by contraction of the _____ in response to cold or emotions.
			A)	skeletal muscles below
			B)	arrector pili muscles
			C)	dermal papillae
			D)	sebaceous glands
25			The following relate to sebaceous glands except which one?
			A)	produce sebum
			B)	are associated with hair follicles
			C)	provide waterproofing
			D)	use merocrine methods
26			The following belong together except which one?
			A)	acne vulgaris
			B)	alopecia
			C)	comedones
			D)	pustules
27			Hair and fingernails are derived from the _____ cells.
			A)	subcutaneous
			B)	dermal papillary
			C)	epidermal
			D)	keratin
28			The most active growing region of the nails is the _____.
			A)	lunula
			B)	bed
			C)	plate
			D)	stratum corneum
29			Sweat glands can also be called _____ glands.
			A)	sebaceous
			B)	holocrine
			C)	sudoriferous
			D)	cutaneous
30			What actually controls and maintains body temperature?
			A)	the skin sweat glands
			B)	sensory skin receptors
			C)	the hypothalamus
			D)	local skin chemicals
31			The most easily regulated loss of heat through the skin is by _____.
			A)	conduction
			B)	convection
			C)	radiation
			D)	evaporation
32			The greatest source of body heat is through _____.
			A)	the hypothalamus
			B)	prevention of sweating
			C)	constriction of blood vessels
			D)	contraction of skeletal muscle
33			Cyanosis usually is the result of a reduction in _____.
			A)	melanin
			B)	hemoglobin
			C)	oxygen levels
			D)	the number of blood vessels
34			The pigment _____ found in vegetables can impart a yellow or orange color to the skin.
			A)	melanin
			B)	carotene
			C)	retinene
			D)	bilirubin
35			A _____ is a procedure that uses skin from a deceased person to treat a burned area.
			A)	autograft
			B)	homograft
			C)	granulation tissue
			D)	deep partial-thickness graft
36			The functions of the skin include all of these except __________________.
			A)	taking in nutrients
			B)	preventing the entry of microorganisms
			C)	retarding water loss
			D)	regulating body temperature
37			The protective dead layer of cells of the outer epidermis is called the _______________.
			A)	stratum corneum
			B)	stratum granulosum
			C)	stratum spinosum
			D)	stratum basale
38			Melanocytes lie within the _________________ of the skin.
			A)	stratum corneum and top layers
			B)	deepest dermis
			C)	stratum spinosum and stratum lucidum
			D)	stratum basale and upper dermis
39			Which of these phrases does not characterize the dermis?
			A)	conical dermal papillae
			B)	thinner in areas receiving greater friction and use
			C)	loss of elasticity with age and sun exposure
			D)	muscle and nerve fibers
40			Adipose tissue is most abundant in the ________________ layer under the skin.
			A)	epidermal
			B)	dermal
			C)	subcutaneous
			D)	transdermal
41			Hairs arise from which layer of the skin?
			A)	dermis
			B)	stratum basale of the epidermis
			C)	subcutaneous layer
			D)	connective tissue
42			Within nails, the most rapidly dividing cells can be found in the __________________.
			A)	nail plate
			B)	nail bed
			C)	nail tip
			D)	lunula
43			It is the body's __________________ glands that respond to higher body temperature and release water to the skin surface.
			A)	sebaceous
			B)	eccrine
			C)	apocrine
			D)	ceruminous
44			Modified sweat glands, called __________________ glands, secrete wax in the ear canal.
			A)	sebaceous
			B)	eccrine
			C)	apocrine
			D)	ceruminous
45			Heat loss occurs from the body by each of these methods except __________________.
			A)	evaporation
			B)	convection
			C)	cellular respiration
			D)	radiation
46			Choose the response that the body employs to raise body temperature only when the others listed have failed.
			A)	constricted skin blood vessels
			B)	sweat glands inactivated
			C)	slight skeletal muscle contraction
			D)	full body shivering
47			A(n) _________________ is the transplanting of one's own skin from an unburned region of the body to a burned area.
			A)	autograft
			B)	homograft
			C)	holograft
			D)	xenograft
48			What is one important function for melanin?
			A)	cause the skin to be cooler
			B)	increase the amount of blood vessels
			C)	strengthen the skin or eyes
			D)	absorb harmful radiation
49			The yellowish color of some persons skin is due to _____.
			A)	lack of blood supply
			B)	low melanin levels
			C)	carotene
			D)	hemoglobin
50			The epidermal ridges or fingerprints are probably caused by the _____.
			A)	genes in the epidermis
			B)	dermal papillae
			C)	smooth muscle in dermis
			D)	amount of keratin in cells
51			The strength of the dermis would mainly be due to _____.
			A)	the amount of blood vessels
			B)	the distribution of elastic fibers
			C)	the presence of collagen fibers
			D)	the thickness of the layers
52			The part of the hair below the surface of the skin is called the _____.
			A)	follicle
			B)	root
			C)	base
			D)	shaft