Please answer all questions.
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| 1 | |
The bones of the upper arm are classified as _____ bones. |
| | A) | short |
| | B) | long |
| | C) | irregular |
| | D) | flat |
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| 2 | |
The patella is classified as a/an _____ bone by some anatomists. |
| | A) | short |
| | B) | flat |
| | C) | sesamoid |
| | D) | irregular |
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| 3 | |
The long shaft of a bone such as the femur is called its ______. |
| | A) | epiphysis |
| | B) | epiphyseal plate |
| | C) | periosteum |
| | D) | diaphysis |
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| 4 | |
The _____ allows a bone to increase its diameter during periods of growth. |
| | A) | diaphysis |
| | B) | periosteum |
| | C) | endosteum |
| | D) | epiphysis |
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| 5 | |
The articular ends of long bones are comprised of _____ tissue. |
| | A) | hyaline cartilage |
| | B) | fibrous |
| | C) | hematopoietic |
| | D) | bone |
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| 6 | |
Spongy bone is also referred to as _____ bone. |
| | A) | cancellous |
| | B) | compact |
| | C) | cortical |
| | D) | fibrous |
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| 7 | |
The area of a bone that produces most of the hematopoietic tissue is the _____. |
| | A) | periosteum |
| | B) | bone marrow |
| | C) | process |
| | D) | endosteum |
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| 8 | |
The center of each osteon contains the _____. |
| | A) | osteoblasts |
| | B) | Volkmann canal |
| | C) | Haversian canal |
| | D) | lacunae |
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| 9 | |
Osteons have a _____, which provides a means of communication between them. |
| | A) | blood vessel |
| | B) | osteonic canal |
| | C) | Volkmann canal |
| | D) | canaliculi network |
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| 10 | |
Which of these developed by intramembranous ossification? |
| | A) | femur |
| | B) | frontal bone |
| | C) | ulna |
| | D) | radius |
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| 11 | |
During osteogenesis, which of the following cells would appear first? |
| | A) | fibroblast |
| | B) | osteocyte |
| | C) | osteoblast |
| | D) | osteoclast |
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| 12 | |
Which of these is the most differentiated and oldest? |
| | A) | fibroblast |
| | B) | osteoblast |
| | C) | osteocyte |
| | D) | chondroblast |
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| 13 | |
Which bone developed by endochondral ossification? |
| | A) | tibia |
| | B) | parietal |
| | C) | occipital |
| | D) | temporal |
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| 14 | |
The _____ represents an area for growth in the length of a long bone. |
| | A) | diaphysis |
| | B) | epiphysis |
| | C) | epiphyseal disk |
| | D) | periosteum |
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| 15 | |
The _____ contain enzymes capable of breaking down the calcium matrix of bone tissue. |
| | A) | osteoblasts |
| | B) | osteoclasts |
| | C) | fibroblasts |
| | D) | osteogenic cells |
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| 16 | |
When does ossification begin in a developing fetus? |
| | A) | 6th month |
| | B) | 30th day |
| | C) | 3rd month |
| | D) | 4th month |
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| 17 | |
When do secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses? |
| | A) | sixth month fetus |
| | B) | birth to five years |
| | C) | three year old |
| | D) | eighth fetal month |
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| 18 | |
When do the bones of the sternum become completely ossified? |
| | A) | 5 years |
| | B) | 12 years |
| | C) | 20 years |
| | D) | 25 years |
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| 19 | |
Most cases of bone cancer probably involve an increase in the activity of the _____ cells. |
| | A) | osteoblast |
| | B) | osteocyte |
| | C) | osteoclast |
| | D) | fibroblast |
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| 20 | |
During remodeling, about _____% of bone calcium is exchanged each year. |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 4 |
| | C) | 10 |
| | D) | 0.5 |
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| 21 | |
The main factor which facilitates the movement of calcium through a cell membrane is _____. |
| | A) | growth hormone |
| | B) | the amount of calcium |
| | C) | osmotic pressure |
| | D) | vitamin D |
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| 22 | |
Vitamin D deficiency in an adult causes the condition known as _____. |
| | A) | rickets |
| | B) | osteoporosis |
| | C) | osteomalacia |
| | D) | giantism |
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| 23 | |
The most important vitamin required for proper bone resorption and modeling is _____. |
| | A) | A |
| | B) | B12 |
| | C) | C |
| | D) | D |
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| 24 | |
Vitamin _____ is required to produce the organic matrix that allows bones to be pliable or hold teeth in their sockets. |
| | A) | A |
| | B) | B |
| | C) | C |
| | D) | D |
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| 25 | |
An excess of pituitary growth hormone will result in a condition of _____ if first noted in an adult. |
| | A) | dwarfism |
| | B) | acromegaly |
| | C) | giantism |
| | D) | osteoporosis |
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| 26 | |
A deficiency of _____ hormone could result in reduced physical size as well as mental retardation. |
| | A) | growth |
| | B) | thyroid |
| | C) | pituitary |
| | D) | parathyroid |
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| 27 | |
The _____ hormones have an effect of increasing bone and muscle mass, especially evident at puberty. |
| | A) | growth |
| | B) | thyroid |
| | C) | sex |
| | D) | adrenal |
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| 28 | |
An increase in the mass of bone tissue caused by physical stress is termed bone _____. |
| | A) | hypertrophy |
| | B) | osteomalacia |
| | C) | atrophy |
| | D) | cancer |
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| 29 | |
A _____ fracture occurs when the broken bone is exposed to the outside by an opening in the skin. |
| | A) | pathologic |
| | B) | simple |
| | C) | traumatic |
| | D) | compound |
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| 30 | |
Which is the first to occur following a bone fracture? |
| | A) | migration of fibroblasts |
| | B) | formation of a hematoma |
| | C) | osteoblast proliferation |
| | D) | development of granulation tissue |
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| 31 | |
The callus that forms around a bone fracture is comprised of _____ tissue. |
| | A) | bone |
| | B) | hyaline cartilage |
| | C) | fibrocartilage |
| | D) | granulation |
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| 32 | |
What is the final stage of healing following a fracture? |
| | A) | osteoclast remodeling |
| | B) | formation of granulation tissue |
| | C) | formation of the callus |
| | D) | osteoblast deposition |
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| 33 | |
A forceps is an example of a _____ lever arrangement. |
| | A) | first-class |
| | B) | second-class |
| | C) | third-class |
| | D) | fulcrum |
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| 34 | |
When the arm is straightened at the elbow, the bones and muscles are acting as a _____ lever. |
| | A) | first-class |
| | B) | misaligned |
| | C) | second-class |
| | D) | third-class |
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| 35 | |
The origin of blood cells is the _____. |
| | A) | bone marrow |
| | B) | yolk sac |
| | C) | spleen |
| | D) | liver |
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| 36 | |
Which of the following produce erythrocytes in an adult? |
| | A) | spleen |
| | B) | liver |
| | C) | bone marrow |
| | D) | lymph nodes |
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| 37 | |
The color of the red bone marrow is mainly the result of _____. |
| | A) | blood |
| | B) | hemoglobin |
| | C) | fat tissue |
| | D) | iron |
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| 38 | |
Which type of bone is the primary source of red marrow in an adult? |
| | A) | irregular |
| | B) | long |
| | C) | short |
| | D) | flat |
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| 39 | |
The most prevalent salt in bone matrix is _____. |
| | A) | calcium |
| | B) | hydroxyapatite |
| | C) | phosphate |
| | D) | sodium chloride |
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| 40 | |
Which of the following require calcium for normal functioning the least? |
| | A) | bone matrix |
| | B) | nerve tissue |
| | C) | muscles |
| | D) | blood clotting |
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| 41 | |
Which of the following is not a main factor in the development of osteoporosis? |
| | A) | diet deficient in calcium |
| | B) | lack of exercise |
| | C) | normal aging |
| | D) | hormone deficiencies |
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| 42 | |
Bone salts comprise ____% of the bone by weight. |
| | A) | 10 |
| | B) | 50 |
| | C) | 70 |
| | D) | 98 |
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| 43 | |
There are a total of _____ bones in the entire skeleton. |
| | A) | 200 |
| | B) | 80 |
| | C) | 126 |
| | D) | 206 |
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| 44 | |
Which of the following is an axial bone? |
| | A) | femur |
| | B) | vertebra |
| | C) | ilium |
| | D) | tibia |
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| 45 | |
Which of the following is an appendicular bone? |
| | A) | frontal |
| | B) | ethmoid |
| | C) | ulna |
| | D) | sacrum |
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| 46 | |
Which bone has no direct bony articulation with the skeleton? |
| | A) | hyoid |
| | B) | manubrium |
| | C) | patella |
| | D) | phalange |
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| 47 | |
The _____ bone supports the lower jaw structures such as the tongue. |
| | A) | mandible |
| | B) | temporal |
| | C) | maxilla |
| | D) | hyoid |
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| 48 | |
The pectoral girdle is comprised of the clavicle and _____. |
| | A) | ribs |
| | B) | ulna |
| | C) | scapula |
| | D) | os coxa |
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| 49 | |
The following are terms related to the pelvic girdle except which one? |
| | A) | os coxa |
| | B) | innominate |
| | C) | sacrum |
| | D) | ilium |
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| 50 | |
Which of the following does not belong with the rest? |
| | A) | sacrum |
| | B) | coccyx |
| | C) | femur |
| | D) | os coxa |
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| 51 | |
The term for finger bones is _____. |
| | A) | carpal |
| | B) | phalange |
| | C) | metacarpal |
| | D) | tarsal |
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| 52 | |
How many phalanges are there in the body? |
| | A) | 14 |
| | B) | 28 |
| | C) | 56 |
| | D) | 7 |
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| 53 | |
The coronal suture separates the _____ from parietal bones. |
| | A) | frontal |
| | B) | temporal |
| | C) | occipital |
| | D) | ethmoid |
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| 54 | |
Which of the following is not a bone process? |
| | A) | trochanter |
| | B) | tubercle |
| | C) | tuberosity |
| | D) | fossa |
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| 55 | |
What is the largest foramen in the body? |
| | A) | foramen magnum |
| | B) | optic foramen |
| | C) | obturator |
| | D) | mandibular |
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| 56 | |
The cheekbone is called the _____ primarily. |
| | A) | mandible |
| | B) | zygomatic |
| | C) | maxilla |
| | D) | orbit |
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| 57 | |
Which of the following is NOT a cranial bone? |
| | A) | frontal |
| | B) | lacrimal |
| | C) | sphenoid |
| | D) | ethmoid |
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| 58 | |
Which of the following does not contain a sinus? |
| | A) | ethmoid |
| | B) | sphenoid |
| | C) | frontal |
| | D) | occipital |
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| 59 | |
There are _____ bones that make up the cranium. |
| | A) | 6 |
| | B) | 7 |
| | C) | 8 |
| | D) | 9 |
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| 60 | |
What is the significance of the supraorbital foramen? |
| | A) | attachment of muscles |
| | B) | passage of blood vessels |
| | C) | contain the eye |
| | D) | is a bone articulation |
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| 61 | |
The _____ suture separates the occipital from parietal bones. |
| | A) | lambdoidal |
| | B) | coronal |
| | C) | sagittal |
| | D) | squamous |
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| 62 | |
Which bone contains the ear structures? |
| | A) | parietal |
| | B) | maxillary |
| | C) | temporal |
| | D) | sphenoid |
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| 63 | |
Which bone has the mandibular fossa? |
| | A) | mandible |
| | B) | maxilla |
| | C) | ethmoid |
| | D) | temporal |
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| 64 | |
Which sinus, or air cell area, has the potential of having a very serious and painful inflammation that could spread to the brain? |
| | A) | sphenoid |
| | B) | mastoid |
| | C) | ethmoid |
| | D) | frontal |
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| 65 | |
What is the location of the pituitary gland? |
| | A) | ethmoid sinuses |
| | B) | parietal bone |
| | C) | foramen magnum |
| | D) | sella turcica |
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| 66 | |
Which bone has the crista galli projection? |
| | A) | ethmoid |
| | B) | sphenoid |
| | C) | frontal |
| | D) | maxilla |
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| 67 | |
The nasal septum is comprised of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and the _____. |
| | A) | maxilla |
| | B) | vomer |
| | C) | nasal bone |
| | D) | lacrimal bone |
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| 68 | |
The hard palate is made of the palatine and _____ bones. |
| | A) | mandible |
| | B) | ethmoid |
| | C) | sphenoid |
| | D) | maxilla |
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| 69 | |
The _____ is the area that houses the teeth. |
| | A) | mandibular fossa |
| | B) | alveolar process |
| | C) | maxillary fossa |
| | D) | mental fossa |
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| 70 | |
The spinal nerves will exit from the _____ foramina. |
| | A) | spinal |
| | B) | intervertebral |
| | C) | transverse |
| | D) | vertebral |
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| 71 | |
What is found only on the cervical vertebrae? |
| | A) | spinous process |
| | B) | transverse process |
| | C) | transverse foramen |
| | D) | lamina |
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| 72 | |
The first vertebra is called the _____. |
| | A) | axis |
| | B) | atlas |
| | C) | cervical |
| | D) | dens |
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| 73 | |
The _____ can be felt during a vaginal examination and be used for obstetric measurements. |
| | A) | coccyx |
| | B) | sacroiliac symphysis |
| | C) | sacral promontory |
| | D) | sacral hiatus |
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| 74 | |
A lateral deviation of the alignment of the vertebral column is called a _____. |
| | A) | kyphosis |
| | B) | lordosis |
| | C) | scoliosis |
| | D) | slipped disk |
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| 75 | |
Which is the largest of the tarsal bones? |
| | A) | cuboid |
| | B) | navicular |
| | C) | calcaneus |
| | D) | lateral cuneiform |
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| 76 | |
The outer covering of each bone, made from fibrous connective tissue, is called the ________________. |
| | A) | epiphysis |
| | B) | diaphysis |
| | C) | articular cartilage |
| | D) | periosteum |
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| 77 | |
Inside the epiphyses of each long bone, mostly ________________ can be found. |
| | A) | compact bone |
| | B) | spongy bone |
| | C) | cartilage |
| | D) | yellow marrow |
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| 78 | |
Several layers of cells reside within epiphyseal disks of developing long bones. Which layer is responsible for anchoring the disk to the bony epiphysis? |
| | A) | cells undergoing mitosis |
| | B) | cells enlarging and becoming calcified |
| | C) | dead cells with calcified intercellular substance |
| | D) | resting cells |
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| 79 | |
The cells that tear down and remodel bone are the ________________. |
| | A) | osteoblasts |
| | B) | osteocytes |
| | C) | osteoclasts |
| | D) | macrophages |
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| 80 | |
A soft spot in a newborn's skull is called a __________________. |
| | A) | fontanel |
| | B) | fovea |
| | C) | foramen |
| | D) | fissure |
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| 81 | |
The _______________ suture joins the temporal and parietal bones of the skull. |
| | A) | lambdoid |
| | B) | squamosal |
| | C) | coronal |
| | D) | sagittal |
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| 82 | |
The membranes that surround the brain attach to the crista galli, found on the ________________ bone of the skull. |
| | A) | frontal |
| | B) | parietal |
| | C) | ethmoid |
| | D) | sphenoid |
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| 83 | |
The prominent portions of the cheeks are made up of the _________________ bones. |
| | A) | maxillary |
| | B) | palatine |
| | C) | lacrimal |
| | D) | zygomatic |
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| 84 | |
The ______________ of a typical vertebra projects posteriorly, and is thickest and most blunt in appearance in lumbar vertebrae. |
| | A) | spinous process |
| | B) | transverse process |
| | C) | superior articulating process |
| | D) | lamina |
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| 85 | |
Two kinds of bones form the pectoral girdle: the clavicle and the ________________. |
| | A) | humerus |
| | B) | ulna |
| | C) | scapula |
| | D) | sternum |
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| 86 | |
Another name for the wrist bones is _______________. |
| | A) | metacarpals |
| | B) | carpals |
| | C) | phalanges |
| | D) | tarsals |
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| 87 | |
The femur inserts into the coxal bone at the ____________________. |
| | A) | patella |
| | B) | trochanter |
| | C) | condyle |
| | D) | acetabulum |
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| 88 | |
Which bone would contain significant amounts of red bone marrow in an adult? |
| | A) | femur |
| | B) | sternum |
| | C) | humerus |
| | D) | tibia |
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| 89 | |
By morphology, the parietal bone can be classified as a _____ bone. |
| | A) | long |
| | B) | short |
| | C) | flat |
| | D) | irregular |
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| 90 | |
The medullary cavity in the diaphysis of an adult bone would contain _____. |
| | A) | compact bone mainly |
| | B) | spongy bone mainly |
| | C) | red bone marrow |
| | D) | yellow bone marrow |
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| 91 | |
The part of the bone that the articular cartilage covers directly is the _____. |
| | A) | diaphysis |
| | B) | endosteum |
| | C) | epiphysis |
| | D) | periosteum |
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| 92 | |
The junction between the diaphysis and epiphysis in a growing bone is called the _____. |
| | A) | endosteum |
| | B) | periosteum |
| | C) | epiphyseal plate |
| | D) | articular cartilage |
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| 93 | |
Which type of bone fracture occurs as an incomplete break in the bone? |
| | A) | greenstick |
| | B) | oblique |
| | C) | compound |
| | D) | simple |
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| 94 | |
Which type of fracture breaks the bone into several fragments? |
| | A) | complete |
| | B) | impacted |
| | C) | comminuted |
| | D) | spiral |
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| 95 | |
What is the last stage in the repair of a fracture? |
| | A) | bony callus |
| | B) | hematoma |
| | C) | inflammation |
| | D) | fibrocartilage callus |
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| 96 | |
Which sinus inflammation in the skull could most commonly lead to deafness? |
| | A) | frontal sinus |
| | B) | maxillary sinus |
| | C) | mastoid sinus |
| | D) | ethmoid sinus |
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| 97 | |
Which skull bone is not part of the cranium? |
| | A) | frontal |
| | B) | temporal |
| | C) | ethmoid |
| | D) | maxilla |
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| 98 | |
Which bone contains the foramen magnum? |
| | A) | parietal |
| | B) | occipital |
| | C) | sphenoid |
| | D) | ethmoid |
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| 99 | |
Which of these bones has a prominent spine? |
| | A) | femur |
| | B) | humerus |
| | C) | pubis |
| | D) | scapula |
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